Rodríguez-Pérez MA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 149
Paginas: 112-129
Archivo PDF: 178.00 Kb.

RESUMEN

La oncocercosis es una de las principales causas de ceguera en el mundo con aproximadamente 17.7 millones de individuos infectados que residen, principalmente, en las áreas endémicas en el oeste de África. La oncocercosis también es un problema de salud pública en México y se han implementado programas de control desde 1923. El diagnóstico de la oncocercosis se realiza mediante la detección de microfilarias en biopsias de piel y la transmisión se determina mediante la detección de larvas de Onchocerca volvulus en las poblaciones del insecto transmisor. Las larvas en el insecto se localizan mediante la disección individual de Simulium ochraceum s.l., el principal vector de la oncocercosis en México. Sin embargo, debido a que ivermectina elimina las microfilarias de piel (pero no tiene efecto sobre los gusanos adultos) la técnica de la biopsia de piel ha sido cada vez menos útil en el monitoreo del programa ivermectina. Asimismo, debido a que ivermectina ha tenido un efecto significativo sobre los niveles de transmisión del parásito, cada vez se requiere de la disección de un mayor número de ejemplares de S. ochraceum s.l. El tema de este trabajo es presentar el desarrollo de técnicas moleculares e inmunológicas que han sustituido el uso de la biopsia de piel y disección y su utilidad en el monitoreo del impacto del programa ivermectina, bajo un esquema de tratamiento semestral, sobre la transmisión de O. volvulus en México.

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