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2014, Número 2

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Investigación en Discapacidad 2014; 3 (2)


Osteoartritis, obesidad e inflamación

Duarte-Salazar C, Miranda-Duarte A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 53-60
Archivo PDF: 195.67 Kb.


RESUMEN

Uno de los factores de riesgo de mayor solidez para el inicio y la progresión de la osteoartritis es la obesidad por su efecto mecánico sobre las articulaciones de carga; sin embargo, estudios recientes han demostrado una correlación entre la osteoartritis de mano y la obesidad, lo que no puede ser explicado por el estrés mecánico. Esto sugiere que factores metabólicos contribuyen a la alta prevalencia de la osteoartritis en individuos obesos. El tejido adiposo blanco es un órgano secretor activo que puede contribuir a la respuesta inflamatoria o a la patogénesis de enfermedades articulares degenerativas o inflamatorias, ya que produce proteínas llamadas «adipocinas», involucradas en un amplio rango de actividades biológicas y en una comunicación activa entre los adipocitos y las células inmunológicas. La leptina, adiponectina y resistina son las adipocinas más estudiadas en la actualidad, no obstante, continúan emergiendo nuevas adipocinas. Estas adipocinas juegan un papel decisivo en el desarrollo y progresión de la osteoartritis, considerándose importantes factores en esta interrelación entre osteoartritis, obesidad e inflamación, así como en complicaciones cardiovasculares y metabólicas que frecuentemente se asocian con las enfermedades reumáticas. Esta revisión está orientada a la comprensión de una de las enfermedades articulares más comunes: la osteoartritis y su asociación con la obesidad considerando no únicamente el incremento de la presión sobre una articulación en particular, sino también la inflamación crónica generada por las adipocinas liberadas principalmente por el tejido adiposo.


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