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2005, Número 2

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Gac Med Mex 2005; 141 (2)


Autismo

Rogel-Ortiz FJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 143-148
Archivo PDF: 47.08 Kb.


RESUMEN

El autismo es un trastorno estático del desarrollo neurológico que persiste toda la vida y que incluye un amplio margen de alteraciones conductuales. Afecta entre 1 a 2/1000 personas y varía mucho en cuanto a severidad. Sus causas son múltiples y la genética juega un papel mayor. De acuerdo al DSM-IV las manifestaciones clínicas distintivas son sociabilidad alterada, anormalidades en el lenguaje y la comunicación no verbal, así como alteraciones en el margen de intereses y actividades. La deficiencia mental es frecuente, pero no universal. La perseveración, el aplanamiento afectivo y la falta de comprensión de los pensamientos y sentimientos de otros es notable. Las bases neurobiológicas del autismo son desconocidas, pero los hallazgos histopatológicos y bioquímicos sugieren un trastorno difuso del desarrollo neuronal, que compromete sobre todo corteza bifronto-temporal, algunas estructuras límbicas y el cerebelo. A nivel bioquímico se han descrito alteraciones en la transmisión serotoninérgica y de otros neurotransmisores.


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