medigraphic.com

2013, Número 2

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Revista Cubana de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular 2013; 14 (2)


El ácido úrico y su capacidad de ser o no un factor de riesgo de enfermedad vascular

Álvarez PM, Triana MME

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 125.85 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: del ácido úrico se conoce sus funciones biológicas y su papel en algunas enfermedades causante de muerte en el mundo, pero está en debate su rol como factor de riesgo de enfermedades vasculares.
Objetivo: profundizar en el papel del ácido úrico en las enfermedades vasculares periféricas.
Fuente de datos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura de los últimos diez años. Se consultaron las bases de datos: MedLine, Cochrane, PubMed, navegadores como Google Académico, así como otros sitios web. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras claves: ácido úrico, estrés oxidativo, factores de riesgo, diabetes mellitus, aterosclerosis, enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfermedad arterial periférica, úlceras venosas. Se hizo un análisis exhaustivo para determinar la participación del ácido úrico en la fisiopatología de las enfermedades vasculares.
Resultados: se encontró información que vincula al ácido úrico con las enfermedades vasculares, pero no está claro aún su participación en la etiopatogenia de estas enfermedades. Los resultados de algunos estudios señalan que pudiera existir, tanto un efecto beneficioso como otro perjudicial en la fisiopatología de dichas enfermedades, además pudiera añadírsele una nueva función: participación en la cicatrización de las úlceras de los miembros inferiores.
Conclusiones: no se ha podido consensuar si el ácido úrico es o no un factor de riesgo de enfermedades vasculares o si potencia el efecto de los factores ya existente, por lo que en el futuro es necesario llenar, con resultados, el vacío de información existente y definir el rol de este compuesto en la prevención y control de estas enfermedades.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Lehninger AL. Bioquímica. Las bases moleculares de la estructura y función molecular. 2da ed. La Habana: Edición Revolucionaria; 1977.

  2. García PJ, Mateos FA. Clinical and biochemical aspects of uric acid overproduction. Pharm World Sci. 1994;16:40-54.

  3. Riches PL, Wright AF, Ralston SH. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of hyperuricaemia and gout. Hum Mol Genet . 2009;18:177-84.

  4. Nemec P. Current opinions on gout, its diagnosis and treatment. Vnitr Lek. 2012;58(12):928-37.

  5. Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet. 2010;375:31828.

  6. Feig DI. Uric acid: a novel mediator and marker of risk in chronic kidney disease? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2009;18:526-30.

  7. Liu Y, Tan N, Chen J, Zhou Y, Chen L, Chen S, Chen Z, Li L. The relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with relatively normal serum creatinine. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013;68(1):19-25.

  8. Bhole V, Choi JW, Kim SW, de Vera M, Choi H. Serum uric acid levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study. Am J Med. 2010;123:95761.

  9. Choi HK, Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with hyperuricemia. Am J Med. 2007;120:4427.

  10. Afzali A, Weiss NS, Boyko EJ, Ioannou GN. Association between serum uric acid level and chronic liver disease in the United States. Hepatology. 2010;52:57889.

  11. Mazzali M, Kanbay M, Segal MS, Shafiu M, Jalal D, Feig D, et al. Uric acid and hypertension: cause or effect? Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2010;12:10817.

  12. Grayson PC, Kim SY, Lavalley M, Choi HK. Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63:10210.

  13. Brodov Y, Chouraqui P, Goldenberg I, Boyko V, Mandelzweig L, Behar S. Serum uric acid for risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiology. 2009;114:300-5.

  14. Doehner W, Springer J, Landmesser U, Struthers AD, Anker SD. Uric acid in chronic heart failure-current pathophysiological concepts. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10:1269-70.

  15. Kim SY, Guevara JP, Kim KM, Choi HK, Heitjan DF, Albert DA. Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:17080.

  16. Chen JH, Chuang SY, Chen HJ, Yeh WT, Pan WH. Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic stroke mortality: a Chinese cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:22532.

  17. Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 20072008. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(10):3136-41.

  18. Alopurinol. La Habana: Formulario Nacional de Medicamentos;2010 [citado 20 Ene 2013]. Disponible en: http://fnmedicamentos.sld.cu/index.php?P=FullRecord&ID=324

  19. Doehner W, Schoene N, Rauchhaus M, Leyva-Leon F, Pavitt DV, Reaveley DA, et al. Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with Allopurinol on endothelial function and peripheral blood flow in hyperuricemic patients with chronic heart failure results from 2 placebo-controlled studies. Circulation. 2002;105:2619-24.

  20. Suzuki I, Yamauchi T, Onuma M, Nozaki S. Allopurinol: an inhibitor of uric acid synthesis-can it be used for thetreatment of metabolic syndrome and related disorders? Drugs Today (Barc). 2009;45:363-78.

  21. Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971-1992. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2010;283(18):2404-10.

  22. Feig DI, Kang DH, Johnson RJ. Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:181121.

  23. Strasak AM, Kelleher CC, Brant LJ, Rapp K, Ruttmann E, Concin H, et al. Serum uric acid is an independent predictor for all major forms of cardiovascular death in 28,613 elderly women: a prospective 21-year follow-up study. Int J Cardiol. 2008;125:232-9.

  24. Shah A, Keenan RT. Gout, hyperuricemia, and the risk of cardiovascular disease: Cause and effect?. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2010;12(2):118-24.

  25. Alcaíno H, Greig D, Castro P, Verdejo H, Mellado R, García L, et al. The role of uric acid in heart failure. Rev Med Chil. 2011;139(4):505-15.

  26. Kim SY, Guevara JP, Kim KM, Choi HK, Heitjan DF, Albert DA. Hyperuricemia and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:88592.

  27. Amaro S, Urra X, Gómez-Choco M, Obach V, Cervera A, Vargas M, et al. Uric acid levels are relevant in patients with stroke treated with thrombolysis. Stroke. 2011;42(1 Suppl):S2832.

  28. Brouns R, Wauters A, Van de Vijver G, de Surgeloose D, Sheorajpanday R, de Deyn PP. Decrease in uric acid in acute ischemic stroke correlates with stroke severity, evolution and outcome. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010;48:383-90.

  29. Martinon F. Update on biology: uric acid and the activation of immune and inflammatory cells. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2010;12:13541.

  30. Ghaemi-Oskouie F, Shi Y. The role of uric acid as an endogenous danger signal in immunity and inflammation. Clin Rheumatol Rep. 2011;13:1606.

  31. Faxon DP, Fuster V, Libby P, Beckman JA, Hiatt WR, Thompson RW, et al. Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference Writing Group III: Pathophysiology. AHA Conference Proceedings. Circulation. 2004;109:2617-25.

  32. Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: A personal view. Nutr Rev. 1994;52:253-65.

  33. Sies H. Oxidative stress: oxidant and antioxidant. Exp Physiol. 1997; 82:2915.

  34. González-Torres MA, Betancourt M, Ortiz RM. Daño oxidativo y antioxidantes. Bioquimia. 2000;25:3-9.

  35. Keaney Jr JF. Oxidative stress and the vascular wall. NADPH Oxidases Take Center Stage. Circulation. 2005;112:2585-88.

  36. Taniyama Y, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species in the vasculature: Molecular and cellular mechanisms. Hypertension 2003;42:1075-81.

  37. Glantzounis G, Tsimoyiannis E, Kappas A, Galaris D. Uric acid and oxidative stress. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11:414551.

  38. Harrison R. Structure and function of xantine oxidoreductase: where are we now? Free Radic Biol Med. 2002;33:774-97.

  39. Jewett SL, Rocklin AM, Ghanetvati M, Abel JM, Marach JA. A new look at a time worn system: oxidation of CuZn-SOD by H2O2. Fre radic Biol Med. 1999;261:905-18.

  40. Muzykantov VR. Targeting of superoxide dismutase and catalase to vascular endothelium. J Control Release. 2001;71:1-21

  41. Taniyama Y, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species in the vasculature: Molecular and cellular mechanisms. Hypertension. 2003;42:1075-81.

  42. Miranda HR, Castro GP, Verdejo PH, Chiong M, Díaz-Araya G, Mellado R. Oxidative stress and inflammation in heart failure: mechanisms of damage and therapeutic alternatives. Rev Med Chile. 2007;38:1101-6.

  43. Steinberg D, Witztum JL. Is the oxidative modification hypothesis relevant to human atherosclerosis? Do the antioxidant trials conducted to date refute the hypothesis? Circulation. 2002;105:2107-11.

  44. Jialal I, Devaraj S. Low density lipoprotein oxidation, antioxidants, and atherosclerosis: a clinical biochemistry perspective. Clin Chem. 1996;42: 498-506.

  45. Juul K, Nielsen LB, Munkholm K, Stender S, Nordestgaard BG. Oxidation of plasma low density lipoprotein accelerates its accumulation and degradation in the arterial wall in vivo. Circulation. 1996;94 (7):1698-1704.

  46. Shankar A, Klein BE, Nieto FJ, Klein R. Association between serum uric acid level and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis. 2008;196(2):749-55.

  47. McCarty AD. Glycation, glycoxidation and carbonyl stress: role in the vascular complications of diabetes Mellitus. Rev Arg Endocrinol Metabol. 2000;37(3):141-63.

  48. Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications. A new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes. 1999;48:1-9.

  49. Triana ME. La hiperglicemia y sus efectos tóxicos. Un concepto patogénico para la micro- y macroangiopatía. (Actualización). Rev Cubana Angiol Cir Vasc. 2001[citado 20 Ene 2013];2(2):131-42. Disponible en:http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/ang/vol2_2_01/ang102201.htm

  50. Triana ME, Fernández JI, Cardona M, Zapata J, Rodríguez R. Metabolismo lipídico y Vitamina C en los leucocitos del paciente diabético. Rev Cubana Med. 1986;25(3):223- 8.

  51. Triana ME, Simón R, Fernández JI, Lima B, Cardona ME, Morejón O. Vitamina C y Angiopatía Diabética. Rev Cubana Med. 1989;28(4):357-62.

  52. álvarez Lario B, Macarrón Vicente J. Is there anything good in uric acid?. Q J Med. 2011;104:101524.

  53. Brig M, Close SJ. The prevalence of leg ulceration: A review of the literature. EWMA J. 2003;3:14-20.

  54. Simon Da, Dix FD, Mc Collum CN. Management of venous leg ulcers. BMJ. 2004;328:1358-62.

  55. Abbade LP, Lastoria S, de Almeida Rollo H, Stolf HO. A socio-demographic, clinical study of patients with venous ulcer. Int J Dermatol. 2005;44:989-92

  56. Wlascher M, Scharffetter Kochnek K. Oxidative stress in chronic venous leg ulcers. Wounds Repair Regen. 2005;13:452-61.

  57. Moseley R, Hilton JR, Waddington RJ, harding KG, Stephens P, Thomas DW. Comparison of oxidative stress biomarker profiles between acute and chronic wound environments. Wounds Repair Regen. 2004;12:419-29.

  58. Mc Card JM. Oxygen derived free radicals in post ischemic tissue injury. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:159-63.

  59. Fernández ML, Upton Z, Edwards H, Finlayson K, Shooter GK. Elevated uric acid correlates with wounds severity. Int wound. 2012;9 (2):139-49.

  60. Mann GV. Hypothesis: the role of vitamin C in diabetic angiopathy. Perspect Biol Med. 1974;17:210-7.

  61. Anzai N, Kanai Y, Endou H. New insights into renal transport of urate. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2007;19:151-7.

  62. Esparza Martin N, García Nieto V. Hipouricemia y manejo renal del ácido úrico. Nefrología. 2011;31(1):44-50.

  63. Enomoto A, Kimura H, Chairoungdua A, Shigeta Y, Jutabha P, Cha SH, et al. Molecular identification of a renal urate anion exchanger that regulates blood urate levels. Nature. 2002;417:447-52.

  64. Ichida K, Hosoyamada M, Hisatome I, Enomoto A, Hikita M, Endou H, et al. Clinical and molecular analysis of patients with renal hypouricemia in Japan-influence of URAT1 gene on urinary urate excretion. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:164-73.

  65. Preitner F, Bonny O, Laverrière A, Rotman S, Firsov D, Da Costa A, et al. Glut9 is a major regulator of urate homeostasis and its genetic inactivation induces hyperuricosuria and urate nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2009;106:15501-6.

  66. Vitart V, Rudan I, Hayward C, Gray NK, Floyd J, Palmer CN, et al. SLC2A9 is a newly identified urate transporter influencing serum urate concentration and gout. Nat Genet. 2008;40:437-42.

  67. Anzai N, Ichida K, Jutabha P, Kimura T, Babu E, Jin CJ, et al. Plasma urate level is directly regulated by a voltage-driven urate efflux transporter URATv1 (SLC2A9) in humans. J Biol Chem .2008;283:26834-8.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com