2012, Número 2
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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2012; 15 (2)
La ubiquitinación: un sistema de regulación dinámico de los organismos
Zamudio-Arroyo JM, Peña-Rangel MT, Riesgo-Escovar JR
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 133-141
Archivo PDF: 139.57 Kb.
RESUMEN
La regulación de la expresión génica ocurre a distintos niveles, desde el control de la transcripción hasta las
modificaciones post-traduccionales que sufren las proteínas. Entre estas últimas se encuentra el mecanismo
de ubiquitinación, consistente en la adición de una o varias moléculas de ubiquitina, una proteína pequeña,
de manera covalente a proteínas blanco en residuos de lisina. Esto ocurre mediante un mecanismo conservado
evolutivamente a rasgos generales desde las bacterias y que en eucariontes consta de tres enzimas: E1 de
activación, E2 de conjugación y E3 de ligación. En particular, esta última define en buena medida la
especificidad de la reacción, dirigiendo las E2-ubiquitina a las proteínas blanco. Las E3 se dividen en tres clases,
dependiendo del dominio activo que posean: RING finger, HECT o U-box. La ubiquitinación puede tener varias
consecuencias, aunque la más estudiada es la degradación por el proteasoma 26S de las proteínas marcadas.
Estudiar el fenómeno de ubiquitinación en organismos genéticos modelo como la mosca de la fruta confiere
muchas ventajas, entre las que se cuenta poder analizar las consecuencias de la función en el organismo
completo. Esto permite, entre otras cosas, observar si existen o no relaciones entre células vecinas en el proceso.
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