Navarrete-Reyes AP, Montaña-Álvarez M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 327-336
Archivo PDF: 346.15 Kb.

RESUMEN

Con el aumento en la expectativa de vida del ser humano, los individuos se encuentran expuestos por más tiempo a distin tos antígenos que, junto con el envejecimiento del sistema inmunológico, favorecen el establecimiento de un estado infla matorio crónico de bajo grado con aumento en la expresión de citocinas proinflamatorias (factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, interleucina 6, etc.). Este estado denominado inflammaging se caracteriza por un envejecimiento de origen inflamatorio dado por la activación de sistemas celulares de promoción y supre sión genómica como el factor nuclear kappa B, sirtuinas,for khead box O y KLOTHO que se encuentran involucrados directa o indirectamente en los mecanismos de resistencia ce lular al estrés oxidativo, apoptosis y de reparación de errores transcripcionales en las moléculas de ácidos nucleicos. La acti vación de estos sistemas se asocia con la patogenia de varias de las enfermedades degenerativas propias del envejecimiento como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la diabetes de inicio en la vejez o las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Sin embargo, nos encontramos en la encrucijada de poder establecer si el estado inflamatorio observado en el envejecimiento es responsable del desarrollo de enfermedades degenerativas o si la presencia de éstas contribuyen al establecimiento de este estado inflamato rio crónico, dado que la evidencia en individuos centenarios funcionales y sanos muestra que presentan dicho estado pero equilibrado por una mayor expresión de moléculas antiinfla matorias.

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