Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy ML, Fernández-Mejía C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 175
Paginas: 428-446
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RESUMEN

La secreción de insulina por la célula β pancreática es crítica para mantener la homeostasis de la glucosa. Dicha secreción se encuentra alterada en la diabetes tipo 1, por destrucción autoinmune de la célula β; en la diabetes tipo 2, por fallas multifactoriales aún no bien determinadas; y en las formas monogénicas de diabetes (MODY), por mutaciones en genes específicos. En los últimos años se han encontrado factores transcripcionales, varios de ellos específicos de la célula β, que modulan la síntesis y secreción de insulina en respuesta a glucosa. Estudios en ratones knockout para estos genes, así como las formas de diabetes MODY, demuestran su importancia para el desarrollo y funcionamiento normales de la célula β. Estos factores transcripcionales se regulan no solamente en su expresión por otros genes, sino también en su actividad por otras proteínas y modificaciones postranscripcionales, participando así en vías de señalización importantes dentro de la fisiología de la célula β. El estudio de estos factores trancripcionales es esencial en la comprensión del funcionamiento normal de la célula β, conocimiento necesario para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para el tratamiento de la diabetes.

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