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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2009, Número 5

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Rev Invest Clin 2009; 61 (5)


RNA de interferencia: Origen y aplicación en el silenciamiento de genes

Ortiz-Quintero B

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 93
Paginas: 412-427
Archivo PDF: 190.88 Kb.


RESUMEN

El RNA de interferencia (RNAi) es un mecanismo biológico conservado que inhibe específicamente la expresión de genes a nivel post-transcripcional, en respuesta a la presencia de RNA de doble hebra que proviene de la propia célula (microRNA o miRNA) o del exterior de la misma (RNA pequeños de interferencia o siRNA). Identificado por primera vez como un mecanismo anti-viral conservado evolutivamente, el RNAi surge como un proceso natural de regulación de la expresión de genes en eucariotes y como una potente herramienta para el “silenciamiento” artificial de genes en investigación. Así, en los últimos 10 años, el RNAi se ha convertido en una invaluable y estandarizada herramienta de experimentación para la caracterización funcional de genes en todo laboratorio y en prácticamente toda área de la investigación científica. La siguiente revisión describe el RNAi como proceso biológico y su aplicación como herramienta en investigación experimental, basándose particularmente en las dudas que surgen al montar las técnicas por primera vez en un laboratorio. La información contenida es simple y pretende difundir las ventajas del RNAi e incluye las fuentes de información técnica especializada para facilitar la aplicación del RNAi en cualquier laboratorio. El escrito incluye información acerca del desarrollo de estrategias para la aplicación del RNAi en organismos vivos y su aplicación en la terapéutica, así como las pruebas en fase clínica que se llevan a cabo actualmente por compañías farmacéuticas.


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