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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2009, Número 6

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Rev Invest Clin 2009; 61 (6)


Desigualdades socioeconómicas en salud bucal: Factores asociados a la frecuencia de cepillado dental en escolares nicaragüenses

Herrera MS, Lucas-Rincón SE, Medina-Solís CE, Maupomé G, Márquez-Corona ML, Islas-Granillo H, Islas-Márquez AJ, Atitlán-Gil A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 489-496
Archivo PDF: 72.63 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Identificar la asociación entre la frecuencia de cepillado dental y las variables de posición socioeconómica en escolares nicaragüenses. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 1,353 escolares de seis a 12 años de edad seleccionados aleatoriamente de 25 escuelas de la ciudad de León, Nicaragua. Utilizando un cuestionario dirigido a las madres se recolectaron variables sociodemográficas, de posición socioeconómica y sobre conductas de salud bucal. La variable dependiente fue la frecuencia de cepillado dental, la cual fue dicotomizada en 0 “menos de siete veces/semana” y 1 “siete o más veces por semana”. El análisis multivariado se realizó con regresión logística en STATA 9. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 8.99 ± 2.00 años y 49.7% fueron mujeres. En el modelo final fueron significativas (p ‹ 0.05) mayor edad (RM = 2.04), sexo femenino (RM = 1.39) y tener una madre con actitud positiva hacia la salud bucal (RM = 2.50) en una asociación positiva con la frecuencia de cepillado. El mayor tamaño de la familia (RM = 0.89) y ser de menor nivel socioeconómico (1er cuartil; RM = 0.54, 2do cuartil; RM = 0.62, 3er cuartil; RM = 0.67) mostraron una relación negativa con la frecuencia del cepillado dental. Además, haber tenido una consulta dental preventiva en el último año mostró una tendencia positiva (p ‹ 0.10) hacia la frecuencia de cepillado dental. Conclusiones. Este estudio sugiere que la existencia de desigualdades a través de variables indicadoras de posición socioeconómica existe aún dentro de países en desarrollo, por lo que el énfasis en los programas de promoción a la salud bucal en esos ambientes debe ponerse en los grupos socioeconómicamente más vulnerables.


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