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Organo Oficial de la Sociedad Mexicana de Urología

2012, Número 4

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Rev Mex Urol 2012; 72 (4)


Bloqueo androgénico en cáncer de próstata: revisión de la literatura

Arroyo-Kuribreña JC, Soto-Vega E, Muñoz-Pérez M, Contreras JM, Varela-Cabrera JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 132
Paginas: 182-196
Archivo PDF: 383.48 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cáncer de próstata (CaP) tiene una elevada prevalencia en nuestro medio, afectando principalmente a adultos mayores. Gracias a las mediciones del antígeno prostático específico (APE) y a la exploración física, se diagnostica este cáncer en etapas más tempranas ofreciendo tratamientos con fines curativos. Sin embargo, los pacientes con enfermedad avanzada están sujetos a terapia paliativa, cuyo objetivo es disminuir los síntomas y la progresión de la enfermedad. El bloqueo androgénico sea quirúrgico o farmacológico constituye la piedra angular de esta intervención terapéutica, aplicado en sus diferentes modalidades y esquemas. El bloqueo androgénico farmacológico incluye una gran variedad de fármacos que tienen mecanismos de acción diferentes, entre los cuales se incluyen: compuestos estrogénicos, antiandrógenos (esteroideos y no esteroideos), agonistas LH-RH, antagonistas LH-RH e inhibidores de la esteroideogénesis. Estos grupos farmacológicos poseen ventajas y desventajas en cuanto a sus efectos, eficacia, reacciones adversas medicamentosas, así como a su corto a largo plazo. Por lo anterior, es importante que el tratamiento para el CaP sea individualizado de acuerdo a las necesidades de los pacientes. La constante investigación en este tema ha desarrollado otras alternativas terapéuticas (inmunoterapia y quimioterapia), se está trabajando en nuevos blancos terapéuticos en el tratamiento del CaP.


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