2012, Número 3
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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2012; 69 (3)
Calidad de vida de niños mexicanos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda atendidos por el Seguro Popular
Dorantes-Acosta E, Villasís-Keever MÁ, Zapata-Tarrés M, Arias-Gómez J, Escamilla-Núñez A, Miranda-Lora AL, Reyes-López A, Manuell-Lee G, Muñoz-Hernández O, Garduño-Espinosa J
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 242-254
Archivo PDF: 450.15 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción. La calidad de vida relacionada a la salud es un constructo multidimensional que integra la percepción ante la enfermedad, el tratamiento y el funcionamiento en las áreas física, psicológica y de salud social de cada individuo. El objetivo de este estudio fue disponer de un instrumento confiable que evaluara la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños mexicanos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda.
Métodos. Primero, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura hasta el año 2011 y se seleccionaron algunos estudios a partir de Medline. Se identificó que el instrumento Pediatric Cancer Quality of Life Inventory (PCQL-3) es uno de los que más se ha utilizado para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Después, este instrumento se aplicó a 123 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, así como a sus padres.
Resultados. De la revisión sistemática, se seleccionaron 17 estudios acerca del desarrollo de instrumentos para medir la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda, y 15 que describen la calidad de vida. En los 123 pacientes evaluados, se determinó que la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud fue menor en los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda de alto riesgo y en las etapas iniciales del tratamiento. También se pudo comprobar que las náuseas y la ansiedad ante los procedimientos son las áreas con mayor afección. Al analizar los resultados de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud entre los pacientes y los padres, se determinó que existe una buena concordancia (α Cronbach = 0.834).
Conclusiones. La medición de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda es parte fundamental para la evaluación integral de su tratamiento y pronóstico. La escala PCQL-3 fue apropiada para la población de niños mexicanos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda.
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