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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2012, Número 1

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Arch Neurocien 2012; 17 (1)


Mecanismos fisiopatológicos involucrados en la enfermedad de Parkinson

Gómez-Chavarín M, Roldan-Roldan G, Morales-Espinosa R, Pérez-Soto G, Torner-Aguilar C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 25-33
Archivo PDF: 344.45 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Parkinson es una condición neurológica devastadora que afecta a millones de persona en el mundo; su característica fisiopatológica es la pérdida de las neuronas dopaminérgicas en el mesencéfalo. Se han buscado las causas posibles de ésta enfermedad y se ha encontrado una diversidad que incluye mutaciones genéticas y tóxinas ambientales, pero la causa precisa que conduce a la muerte neuronal aún se desconoce. En la actualidad se han caracterizado algunos mecanismos patogénicos que son básicos para la degeneración de las células dopaminérgicas. Principalmente, la deficiencia en el almacenamientro de la dopamina en las vesículas sinápticas deriva en la generación en el citoplasma de radicales libres y especies reactivas del oxígeno, lo que parece ser el punto de inicio en el proceso de la muerte de estas neuronas, lo que eventualmente progresará a enfermedad de Parkinson. Esto parece ser la vía fisiopatológica común que subyace tanto a las formas genéticas como esporádicas de esta enfermedad.


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