López HMA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 65
Paginas: 269-277
Archivo PDF: 350.97 Kb.

RESUMEN

Los síndromes neurológicos paraneoplásicos constituyen un grupo de trastornos producto del efecto remoto de un tumor, producto de anticuerpos contra moléculas del tumor que son idénticos a antígenos neurales, denominados antígenos onconeurales. Estos antígenos onconeurales se clasifican como bien caracterizados, parcialmente caracterizados y aquellos que se presentan tanto en procesos neoplásicos y no neoplásicos. Los síndromes paraneoplásicos neurológicos pueden preceder hasta cinco años el diagnóstico de cáncer; por ello es importante considerar que una neoplasia puede ser la causa subyacente de un trastorno neurológico, para su oportuno diagnóstico y tratamiento. Existen criterios bien definidos para el diagnóstico de los síndromes neurológicos paraneoplásicos. El tratamiento de la neoplasia subyacente es el tratamiento ideal de estos trastornos, aunque hay evidencia de la utilidad de la terapia inmunodepresora.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Darnell, R.B. and Posner, J.B. Paraneoplastic syndromes involving the nervous system. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1543-1554.

2. Molina-Garrido M, Guillen-Ponce C, Martinez S and Guirado- Risueno M. Diagnosis and current treatment of neurological paraneoplastic syndromes. Clin Transl Oncol 2006;8:796-801.

3. Sculier J-P, Feld R, Evans WK, et al. Neurologic disorders in patients with small cell lung cancer. Cancer 1987;60:2275-2283.

4. Levy Y, Afek A, Sherer Y, et al. Malignant thymoma associated with autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998;28:73-79.

5. Latov N. Pathogenesis and therapy of neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathies. Ann Neurol 1995;37:Suppl 1:S3.

6. Giometto B, Grisold W, Vitaliani R,et al for the PNS Euronetwork. Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome in the PNS Euronetwork Database A European Study From 20 Centers. Arch Neurol 2010;67(3):330-335.

7. Carpentier AF, Voltz R, DesChamps T, Posner JB, Dalmau J, Rosenfeld MR. Absence of HuD gene mutations in paraneoplastic small cell lung cancer tissue. Neurology 1998;50:1919.

8. Storstein A, Monstad SE, Haugen M et al. Onconeural antibodies: Impooved detection and clinical correlations. J neuroinmmunology 2011;232:166-170.

9. Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, Reñe R, et al. Anti-HU associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: analysis of 200 patients. Brain 2001;124:1138-1148.

10. Rojas I, Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, et al. Long-term clinical outcome of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibodies. Neurology 2000;55:713-715.

11. Lawn, ND, Westmoreland, BF, Kiely MJ, Lennon VA, Vernino, S. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalographic findings in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78,1363-1368.

12. Lucchinetti CF, Kimmel, D.W., Lennon, V.A., 1998. Paraneoplastic and oncologic profiles of patients seropositive for type 1 antineuronal nuclear a utoantibodies. Neurology 1998;50:652-657.

13. Evoli A, Lo Monaco M, Marra R, Lino MM, Batocchi AP, Tonali PA. Multiple paraneoplastic diseases associated with thymoma. Neuromuscul Disord 1999;9:601-603.

14. Vernino S, Eggenberger E, Rogers L, Lennon VA. Paraneoplastic neurological autoimmunity associated with ANNA-1 autoantibody and thymoma. Neurology 2002;59(6):929-932.

15. Dalmau J, Furneaux HM, Cordon-Cardo C, et al. The expression of the Hu ( paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy ) antigen in human normal and tumor tissues. Am J Pathol 1992;141:881–886.

16. Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Lennon VA. Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibody type 2: paraneoplastic accompaniments. Ann Neurol 2003;53(5):580-587.

17. Drlicek M, Bianchi G, Bogliun G, et al. Antibodies of the anti-Yo and anti-Ri type in the absence of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: a long-term survey of ovarian cancer patients. J Neurol. 1997;244(2):85-89.

18. Dropcho EJ, Kline LB, Riser J. Antineuronal (anti-Ri) antibodies in a patient with steroid-responsive opsoclonus-myoclonus. Neurology 1993;43(1):207-211.

19. JongenJL,MollWJ,SillevisSmittPA,VechtCJ,T ijssenCC.Anti-Ri positive opsoclonusmyoclonus- ataxia in ovarian duct cancer. J Neurol 1998;245(10):691-692.

20. Kikuchi H, Yamada T, Okayama A, et al. Anti-Ri–associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration without opsoclonus in a patient with a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 2000;91(4):104-109.

21. Prestigiacomo CJ, Balmaceda C, Dalmau J. Anti-Ri-associated paraneoplastic opsoclonus- ataxia syndrome in a man with transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer 2001;91(8):1423-1428.

22. Harloff A, Hummel S, Kleinschmidt M, Rauer S. Anti-Ri antibodies and limbic encephalitis in a patient with carcinoid tumour of the lung. J Neurol 2005;252(11):1404-1405.

23. Launay M, Bozzolo E, Venissac N, Delmont E, Fredenrich A, Thomas P. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with positive anti-RI antibodies and mediastinal seminoma. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2008;164(6-7):612-619.

24. Luque FA, Furneaux HM, Ferziger R, et al. Anti-Ri: an antibody associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus and breast cancer. Ann Neurol 1991;29(3):241-251.

25. Buckanovich RJ, Posner JB, Darnell RB. Nova, the paraneoplastic Ri antigen, is homologous to an RNA-binding protein and is specifically expressed in the developing motor system. Neuron 1993;11(4):657-672.

26. Buckanovich RJ, Yang YY, Darnell RB. The onconeural antigen Nova-1 is a neuronspecific RNA-binding protein, the activity of which is inhibited by paraneoplastic antibodies. J Neurosci 1996;16(3):1114-1122.

27. Fueyo J, Ferrer I, Valldeoriola F, Graus F. The expression of a neuronal nuclear antigen (Ri) recognized by the human anti-Ri autoantibody in the developing rat nervous system. Neurosci Lett 1993;162(1-2):141-144.

28. Antoine JC, Honnorat J, Vocanson C, et al. Posterior uveitis, paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and auto-antibodies reacting with developmental protein of brain and retina. J Neurol Sci 1993;117:215-223.

29. Goshima Y, Nakamura F, Strittmatter P, Strittmatter SM. Collapsin induced growth cone collapse mediated by an intracellular protein related to UNC-33. Nature 1995;376:509–514.

30. Inatome R, Tsujimura T, Hitomi T, Mitsui N, Hermann P, Kuroda S, Yamamura H, Yanagi S. Identification of CRAM, a novel unc-33 gene family protein that associates with CRMP3 and protein-tyrosine kinase(s) in the developing rat brain. J Biol Chem 2000;275:27291–27302.

31. De Camilli P, Thomas A, Cofiell R, et al. The synaptic vesicle-associated protein amphiphysin is the 128-kD autoantigen of Stiff-Man syndrome with breast cancer. J Exp Med 1993;178:2219-2223.

32. Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Parisi JE, et al. Amphiphysin autoimmunity: paraneoplastic accompaniments. Ann Neurol 2005;58:96–107.

33. Folli F, Solimena M, Cofiell R, et al. Autoantibodies to a 128-kd synaptic protein in three women with the stiff-man syndrome and breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1993;328:546-551.

34. Saiz A, Dalmau J, Butler MH, et al. Antiamphiphysin I antibodies in patients with paraneoplastic neurological disorders associated with small cell lung carcinoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:214-217.

35. De Angelis LM, Posner JB. Neurologic complications of cancer, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. pp: 577–608.

36. Graus F, Delattre JY, Antoine JC, Dalmau J, Giometto B, Grisold W, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1135-1140.

37. Wilkinson PC, Zeromski J. Immunofluorescent detection of antibodies against neurons in sensory carcinomatous neuropathy. Brain 1965;88:529-538.

38. Amato AA, Collins MP. Neuropathies associated with malignancy. Semin Neurol 1998;18:125–144.

39. Croft PB, Wilkinson M. The incidence of carcinomatous neuromyopathy in patients with various types of carcinoma. Brain 1965;88:427–34.

40. Voltz R, Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, et al. A serological marker of paraneoplastic limbic and brainstem encephalitis in patients with testicular cancer. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1788–1795.

41. Hernandez-Echebarría L, Saiz A, Are´s A, et al. Graus F: Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis associated with pancreatic tumor and anti- GAD antibodies. Neurology 2006;66:450–451.

42. Coeytaux A, Kressig R, Zulian GB. Hepatocarcinoma with concomitant paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. J Palliat Care 2001;17:59–60.

43. Dropcho EJ. Antiamphiphysin antibodies with small-cell lung carcinoma and paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. Ann Neurol 1996;39:659–667.

44. Voltz R, Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, et al. A serological marker of paraneoplastic limbic and brainstem encephalitis in patients with testicular cancer. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1788–1795.

45. Honnorat J, Aguera M, Zalc B, et al. POP66, a paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis related antigen, is a marker of adult oligodendrocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998;57:311–322.

46. Tojo K, Tokuda T, Yazaki M, et al. Paraneoplastic sensorimotor neuropathy and encephalopathy associated with anti-alphaenolase antibody in a case of gastric adenocarcinoma. Eur Neurol 2004;51:231.

47. Kort DH, Vallerie AM, DeMarco EF, et al. Paraneoplastic anti- Nmethyl- d-aspartate-receptor encephalitis from mature cystic teratoma. Obstet Gynecol 2009;114:373–376.

48. Dalmau J, Tu¨zu¨n E, Wu HY, et al. Paraneoplastic anti-Nmethyl- Daspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol 2007;61:25–36.

49. Corsellis, J.A.N., Goldberg, G.J. and Norton, A.R. ‘Limbic encephalitis’ and its association with carcinoma. Brain. 1968;91:481-495.

50. Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, Voltz R, et al. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients. Brain 2000;123:1481–1494.

51. Ulrich J, Spiess H and Huber R. Neurologische Syndrome als Fernwirkung maligner Tumore (Ammonshornsklerose bei Bronchuskarzinom). Schw Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiat 1967;99:83-00.

52. Shinohara, T., Kojima, H., Nakamura, N., Ogata, A.,Betsuyaku, T., Suzuki, A. et al. Pathology of pure hippocampal sclerosis in a patient with dementia and Hodgkin’s disease: the Ophelia syndrome. Neuropathology 2005;25:353-360.

53. Carr I: The Ophelia syndrome: Memory loss in Hodgkin’s disease. Lancet 1982;1:844-845.

54. Peterson K, Rosenblum MK, Kotanides H, et al. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. I. A clinical analysis of 55 anti-Yo antibody-positive patients. Neurology 1992;42:1931–1937.

55. Dalmau J, Graus F, Villarejo A, et al. Clinical analysis of anti-Ma2 associated encephalitis. Brain 2004;127(Pt8):1831–1844.

56. Bernal F, Shams’ili S, Rojas I, et al. Anti-Tr antibodies as markers of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and Hodgkin’s disease. Neurology 2003;60:230–234.

57. Wong AM, Musallam S, Tomlinson RD, et al. Opsoclonus in three dimensions: oculographic, neuropathologic and modelling correlates. J Neurol Sci 2001;189:71–81.

58. Bataller L, Rosenfeld MR, Graus F, et al. Autoantigen diversity in the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Ann Neurol 2003;53:347–353.

59. Bataller L, Graus F, Saiz A, et al. Clinical outcome in adult onset idiopathic or paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus. Brain 2001;124:437–443.

60. Erlich R, Morrison C, Kim B, et al. ANNA-2: an antibody associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus in a patient with large-cell carcinoma of the lung with neuroendocrine features: correlation of clinical improvement with tumor response. Cancer Invest 2004;22:257–261.

61. Camdessanche JP, Antoine JC, Honnorat J, et al. Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy associated with anti-hu antibodies. A clinical and electrophysiological study of 20 patients. Brain 2002;125:166–175.

62. Sillevis SP, Grefkens J, de Leeuw B, et al. Survival and outcome in 73 anti-Hu positive patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy. J Neurol 2002;249:745–753.

63. Thomas BT, Rubin M. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: a review. Neurologist 2009;15:21–33.

64. Lennon VA. Serological profile of myasthenia gravis and distinction from the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 1997;48:523–527.

65. Sanders DB, Massey JM, Sanders LL, et al. A randomized trial of 3,4-diaminopyridine in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 2000;54:603–607.