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2012, Número 1

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Gac Med Mex 2012; 148 (1)


Factores de riesgo asociados a retinopatía del prematuro

Zamorano JCAJ, Salgado VM, Velásquez VB

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
Paginas: 19-25
Archivo PDF: 82.53 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivos: Determinar los factores de riesgo más importantes en la incidencia de retinopatía del prematuro (ROP). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, casos y controles de recién nacidos (RN) de igual o menos de 32 semanas de gestación y peso al nacimiento igual o inferior a 1,500 g, con diagnóstico de ROP en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Resultados: Se encontraron 60 casos de RN prematuros con algún grado de retinopatía, de los cuales fueron 30 masculinos y 27 femeninos; se excluyeron tres casos por tener defectos congénitos. Los dos factores de riesgo principalmente involucrados en la ROP son edad gestacional igual o inferior a 28 semanas de gestación (p ≤ 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 18.62; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 7.36-47.09) y peso al nacimiento igual o inferior a 1,000 g (p ‹ 0.001; OR: 13.55; IC 95%: 5.59-32.84). Otros factores de riesgo encontrados son: la enfermedad de membrana hialina (EMH), sepsis tardía, desaturaciones frecuentes en el neonato hasta la segunda semana de vida relacionadas con apneas, aplicación de surfactante, administración de esteroides posnatales, múltiples transfusiones sanguíneas superiores a 5, estancia hospitalaria prolongada más de 45 días. Conclusiones: Los dos principales factores de riesgo demostrados en la génesis de ROP son: edad gestacional y peso al nacimiento.


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