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Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Pediátrica y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría

2011, Número 3

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Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr 2011; 20 (3)


Mortalidad por asma

Piedras MMP, Huerta LJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 63
Paginas: 107-119
Archivo PDF: 154.69 Kb.


RESUMEN

Actualmente, el asma es uno de los padecimientos crónicos con mayor prevalencia en el mundo y se estima que lo padecen alrededor de 300 millones de personas. En años recientes ha aumentado su incidencia en niños y en adultos en las últimas décadas, a la par de la de rinitis alérgica y el eccema. El impacto en el número de años de vida perdidos por incapacidad asciende a 15 millones de días por año, el equivalente al 1% de los años de vida perdidos por incapacidad en todo el mundo. En el 2004, la Iniciativa Global contra el Asma (GINA), reportó una mortalidad máxima a nivel mundial de 2 personas por cada 100,000 muertes de los 5 a los 34 años. En México, la mortalidad estimada es de 0.5 casos por cada 100,000 muertes de los 5 a los 34 años (mortalidad general), y de 14.5 fallecimientos al año por cada 100,000 casos de asma. Esto nos sitúa en el octavo lugar en mortalidad a nivel mundial, donde China tiene el primer lugar con 36.7 muertes por cada 100,000 casos de asma. ISAAC realizó un estudio con base en un cuestionario para detectar la prevalencia de síntomas asociados al asma durante 12 meses y México se encontró en el lugar 46 de 56 países participantes en el estudio. Los estados del país con mayor incidencia hasta el año 2003 fueron Yucatán, Quintana Roo, Tabasco y Tamaulipas. Los grupos etarios más afectados fueron los menores de 4 años y los mayores de 65 años. En el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría se ha registrado un total de 968 casos de asma de 1992 a 2009 y dos defunciones.


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