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Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Pediátrica y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría

2011, Número 3

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Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr 2011; 20 (3)


Utilidad de la radiografía de tórax y de la tomografía computada de alta resolución en asma pediátrica

Ortega M, Huerta LJG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 76
Paginas: 93-106
Archivo PDF: 371.52 Kb.


RESUMEN

El asma es un problema de salud pública mundial. En México, la prevalencia es entre 5 y 18% de la población y es la primera causa de mortalidad en edad preescolar. La evaluación y control del asma grave en niños se realiza mediante métodos clásicos de carácter invasivo que a largo plazo resultan insuficientes. En la actualidad, existen métodos diagnósticos de gabinete no invasivos que contribuyen a la evaluación y seguimiento del asma pediátrico, principalmente la radiografía de tórax y la tomografía computada de alta resolución. La radiología de tórax es útil para identificar o descartar etiologías y complicaciones que conllevan al asma como: edema pulmonar cardiogénico, tumores, atelectasias, neumonía, efisema obstructivo y fenómenos de bloqueo aéreo (neumomediastino, neumotórax y efisema subcutáneo). La tomografía computada de alta resolución (TCAR) ha mejorado el rendimiento diagnóstico, pues permite determinar y cuantificar el grado de remodelamiento, así como el engrosamiento de la pared bronquial, valoración de la vía aérea pequeña y bronquiectasias con una mejor resolución espacial, sensibilidad y especificidad aportando más que la radiografía y la tomografía computada convencional, sin embargo, el costo y el uso de radiación hace que difícilmente sea empleada de manera rutinaria en infantes por lo que son necesarios estudios adicionales que validen los resultados obtenidos y justifiquen el uso de otras técnicas alternativas.


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