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2011, Número 5

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Arch Med Actual Trac Gen Inf 2011; 3 (5)


Utilidad de las técnicas moleculares de detección de VPH en el control y prevención del cáncer cervicouterino

Gutiérrez RR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 64
Paginas: 16-23
Archivo PDF: 169.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

La infección persistente con tipos oncogénicos del virus de papiloma humano (VPH) ha sido demostrada como un factor necesario para el desarrollo y progresión de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) y del cáncer invasor. Considerando dicha asociación, se ha propuesto la incorporación de pruebas de detección viral altamente sensibles y especificas en los programas de tamizaje, como son las técnicas de detección de DNA. Actualmente, se encuentran disponibles una gran variedad de pruebas basadas en la detección de DNA y RNA viral, sin embargo, los dos métodos más utilizados en la detección de VPH carcinogénico son la hibridación con amplificación de señal (CH2) y la amplificación de DNA mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) utilizando un par de oligonulceiotidos de amplio espectro, seguida de una hibridación con sondas especificas para tipificación de VPH. Los protocolos que emplean PCR se caracterizan por ser más sensibles y específicos y permiten la detección de infecciones latente sub-clínica y activa por VPH, así como determinar el o los genotipos específicos de VPH que causan dicha infección. La principal utilidad de las pruebas de detección de VPH, es que pueden conducirnos a una detección temprana de lesiones de alto riesgo NIC II/III y recurrencia post-tratamiento, no identificadas por citología; permiten especiar los intervalos del tamizaje para las mujeres que no presenten infección por VPH de alto riesgo y finalmente, invertir mejor los recursos para el seguimiento de las pacientes que conforman los grupos de riesgo.


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