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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2011, Número 4

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Med Int Mex 2011; 27 (4)


Hipernatremia intrahospitalaria: ¿indicador de calidad en la atención médica?

Blas SV, Blas MJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 349-355
Archivo PDF: 250.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

La hipernatremia es el aumento en la concentración de sodio plasmático que excede las 145 mmol/L. Se origina, sobre todo, por la pérdida de agua o por el aporte excesivo de sodio. Los signos y síntomas neurológicos son más comunes en el adulto. Al inicio, la hipernatremia causa descenso en el contenido de agua cerebral, lo que condiciona la contracción del encéfalo, seguida de una etapa adaptativa entre 1 y 3 días. La corrección debe ser cautelosa. La rápida disminución en la concentración de sodio plasmático causa un movimiento brusco de agua hacia el cerebro, lo que puede conducir a convulsiones, daño neurológico permanente o muerte. La hipernatremia es común en el paciente hospitalizado como consecuencia iatrogénica, que se considera un factor de riesgo para mortalidad hospitalaria.


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