Barragán IP, Cervantes DC, Quiñonez BGN, Granados SV

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 96-104
Archivo PDF: 74.12 Kb.

RESUMEN

El dolor neuropático se desarrolla como resultado de lesiones o enfermedades que afectan al sistema nervioso somatosensorial, ya sea en la periferia o a nivel central. Algunos ejemplos de dolor neuropático incluyen la polineuropatía dolorosa, la neuralgia postherpética, dolor por cáncer, neuralgia del trigémino y el dolor posterior al accidente cerebrovascular, entre otros. Clínicamente, el dolor neuropático se caracteriza por dolor espontáneo continuo o punzante y respuestas de dolor amplificadas evocadas después de estímulos nocivos o inocuos. Los métodos para la detección y la evaluación se enfocan en la presencia y la calidad del dolor neuropático, mientras que la investigación básica permite la identificación de sus diferentes mecanismos fisiopatológicos. La evaluación clínica de los signos y síntomas puede ayudar a determinar cuáles son los mecanismos que están implicados en trastornos específicos del dolor neuropático. El manejo del dolor neuropático requiere un enfoque interdisciplinario, centrado en torno al tratamiento farmacológico. Una mejor comprensión del dolor neuropático y, en particular, de la traducción de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos en signos sensoriales dará lugar a un enfoque de tratamiento más eficaz y específico.

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