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2010, Número 2

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Rev Med UV 2010; 10 (2)


Radicales libres y su papel en las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas

Maldonado SO, Jiménez VEN, Guapillo VMRB, Ceballos RGM, Méndez BE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 32-39
Archivo PDF: 490.99 Kb.


RESUMEN

Un radical libre es un átomo o molécula que contiene un electrón desapareado en su orbital exterior. En un organismo normal la combustión química del metabolismo aerobio produce sustancias oxidantes altamente reactivas, tales como: el anión superóxido, peróxido de hidrógeno, entre otras, que también se pueden generar por otros factores como la contaminación ambiental, el consumo de tabaco, alimentos procesados, medicamentos o por la exposición a pesticidas. En condiciones fisiológicas, el organismo neutraliza los radicales libres con enzimas antioxidantes como la superóxido dismutasa, glutatión peroxidasa, etc. Si la capacidad de control de las sustancias oxidantes por sistemas antioxidantes es superada cambia el balance a favor de la oxidación y se establece el estrés oxidante, que puede provocar grandes daños a células y biomoléculas, como ácidos nucleícos, proteínas, polisacáridos y lípidos. Actualmente se sabe que el estrés celular contribuye a procesos inflamatorios y disfunción endotelial, considerado este último como el factor de riesgo principal de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Por todo lo anterior, resulta de gran importancia entender el papel de los radicales libres en nuestro metabolismo para así comprender su relación con diversas enfermedades crónico-degenerativas en los seres humanos. En el presente artículo se hace una recopilación de la información relevante y actualizada de los radicales libres y se analiza su función en las cardiopatías, diabetes y cáncer.


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