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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2010, Número 3

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Rev Biomed 2010; 21 (3)


Dinámica del dengue y Aedes aegypti en Puerto Rico

Barrera R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 90
Paginas: 179-195
Archivo PDF: 499.59 Kb.


RESUMEN

En este trabajo, se hace una revisión de la literatura para comprender los cambios temporales en la transmisión de los virus del dengue y las variables ambientales asociadas, incluyendo el clima, la ecología y el control de Aedes aegypti en Puerto Rico. La dinámica del dengue en Puerto Rico se puede resumir en tres periodos: 1915-1969, con epidemias auto-limitadas causadas por un solo serotipo; 1969-1980, cuando el dengue se vuelve endémico con circulación predominante de un solo serotipo; desde 1980, cuando se establece la circulación hiper-endémica con múltiples serotipos y seguido del dengue hemorrágico endémico unos años después, hasta el presente. La transmisión del dengue a largo plazo muestra una tendencia estacionaria, resultante de la relativa constancia en la densidad poblacional e independiente de los cambios climáticos sugeridos. Las epidemias se producen con alternancia de serotipos dominantes. El dengue es estacional, con tres periodos: post-epidémico de diciembre a mayo (baja temperatura escas precipitación y pocos mosquitos), pre-epidémico de junio a Agosto con amplificación viral (alta temperatura, abundante precipitación y mosquitos) y epidémico de septiembre a noviembre con similares condiciones ambientales. El control de Ae. aegypti ha estado limitado por la evolución de resistencia contra los insecticidas desde 1959. Las investigaciones sobre la biología de Ae. aegypti son cuantiosas, así como los avances en la vigilancia entomológica. El descubrimiento reciente de ambientes acuáticos crípticos y super-productivos de Ae. aegypti ayuda a entender lo difícil de su control. No se descarta la presencia de un vector secundario de dengue en la isla.


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