Pérez GMG, Guillé PA, Larios MC, Camacho VGA, Juárez OH, Lares AI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 46
Paginas: 22-31
Archivo PDF: 323.31 Kb.

RESUMEN

El proceso de la vida se divide en distintas etapas vitales, una de las que más cambios sufre es la etapa de recién nacido (RN). Los cambios de origen corporal y fisiológico que se presentan en los primeros días de vida, alteran la farmacocinética y farmacodinamia de los fármacos. Además, debido a lo impredecible del desarrollo de los órganos que regulan la disposición de los medicamentos en el RN, es necesario conocer la farmacocinética de ciertos medicamentos, mientras el RN alcanza su madurez orgánica, para así ajustar la dosis de los medicamentos, sobre la base de parámetros farmacocinéticos individuales. En el presente trabajo se revisan las bases clínicas y farmacocinéticas, así como los instrumentos de control útiles para el establecimiento de una terapéutica farmacológica racional y segura en el RN.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Palacios TJ, Games EJ. Introducción a la Pediatría. 4ta. ed. Crecimiento y Desarrollo II. México, D.F.: Méndez Oteo 1990: 37-50.

2. Valenzuela RH, Luengas BJ y Marquet SL. Manual de Pediatría. Décima ed. Particularidades Anatómicas y Fisiológicas del niño. México, D.F.: Interamericana, 1983: 51-65.

3. Autret E, Jonville AP. Pediatric pharmacologic surveillance. Pediatrie 1990; 45 (11): 763 - 7.

4. Waller D. Renwick A. Principles of Medical Pharmacology.1a. ed. London (Eng): Bailliére Tindall, 1994: 11-45.

5. Reed DM and Besunder BJ. Developmental pharmacology: ontogenic basis of drug disposition. Pediatr Clin North Am 1989; 36(5): 1053-74.

6. Benet LZ, Mitchell JR, Sheiner LB. Pharmacokinetics: The dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. In: Goodman & Gilman’s . The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Volume 1. Eighth ed. New York: McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1992. p. 3-32.

7. Hyman PE, Feldman EJ, Ament ME et al. Effect of external feeding on the maintenance of gastric acid secretory function. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 341-45.

8. Russell SA, Burton G. Pharmacotherapeutics. Pediatr Clin North Am 1974; 21(1): 81-94.

9. Koren G, Martin SC. Aspectos especiales de la farmacología perinatal y pediátrica. En: Katzung BG editor. Farmacología Básica y Clínica. 7a ed. México D.F. El Manual Moderno: 1998: 1127-38.

10. Mycek MJ, Gertner SB, Menna PM. Pharmacology. Philadelphia. (U.S.A): Lippincott Company, 1992: 1-21.

11. Gal P, Gilman JT. Drug disposition in neonates with patent ductus arteriosus. Ann Pharmacother 1993; 27(11): 1383-8.

12. Besunder JB, Reed MD, Blumer JL. Principles of drug biodisposition in the neonate. A critical evaluation of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interface (two parts). Clin Pharmacokinet 1988; 14: 189-216, 261-286.

13. Carlos MA, Babyn PS, Marcon MA, and Moore AM. Changes in gastric emptying in early postnatal life. The Journal of Pediatrics 1997; 130: 931-7.

14. Bennet R, Eriksson M, Nord C-E et al. Fecal bacterial microflora of newborn infants during intensive care management and treatment with five antibiotic regimens. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5: 533-39.

15. Huang CTL, Rodríguez JT, Woodward WE et al. Comparison of patterns of fecal bile acid and neutral sterol between children and adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1976; 29: 1196-1203.

16. Linday L, Dobkin JF, Wang TC et al. Digoxin inactivation by the gut flora in infancy and childhood. Pediatrics 1987; 79: 544-548.

17. Weber MW, Gatchalian SR, Ogunlesi O, Smith A, McCracken GH Jr, Qazi S et al. Chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in infants less than three months of age in the Philippines and The Gambia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18(10): 896-901.

18. van Lingen RA, Deinum HT, Quak CM, Okken A, Tibboel D. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of rectally administered acetaminophen in term infants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66(5): 509-15.

19. Hansen TG, O’Brien K, Morton NS, Rasmussen SN. Plasma paracetamol concentrations and pharmacokinetics following rectal administration in neonates and young infants. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999; 43(8): 855-9.

20. Lund CH, Nonato LB, Kuller JM, Franck LS, Cullander and Durand DJ. Disruption of barrier function in neonatal skin associated with adhesive removal. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 367 - 72.

21. Hoath SB. The stickiness of newborn skin: Bioadhesion and the epidermal barrier. J Pediatr 1997; 131(3): 338 - 40.

22. Lester RS. Topical formulary for the pediatrician. Pediatr Clin North Am 1983; 30: 749-765.

23. Kristensen JH, Ilett KF, Hackett LP, Yapp P, Paech M, Begg EJ. Distribution and excretion of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48(4): 521-7.

24. Frey OR, Scheidt P, von Brenndorff AI. Adverse effects in a newborn infant breast-fed by a mother treated with doxepin. Ann Pharmacother 1999; 33(6): 690-3.

25. Wang Y, Livingston E, Patil S, McKinney RE, Bardeguez AD, Gandia J et al. Pharmacokinetics of didanosine in antepartum and postpartum human inmunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women and their neonates: an AIDS clinical trials group study. J Infect Dis 1999; 180 (5): 1536-41.

26. Friis-Hansen B. Water distribution in the foetus and newborn infant. Acta Pediatr Scand 1983; 305 (suppl): 7-11.

27. Sardemann H, Colding H, Hendel J, Kampmann JP, Hvidberg EF, and Vejlsgaard R. Kinetics and dose calculations of amikacin in the newborn. Clin Pharm Therap 1976; 20: 59-65.

28. Viani A, Rizzo G, Carrai M, and Pacifici GM. Interindividual variability in the concentrations of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in patients with renal or liver disease, newborns and healthy subjects: implications for binding of drugs. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992; 30 (4): 128-33.

29. Nottarianni LJ. Plasma protein binding of drugs in pregnancy and in neonates. Clin Pharmacokinet 1990; 18: 20.

30. Paap CM, Nahata MC. Clinical pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in neonates. Clin Pharmacokinet 1990; 9: 280.

31. Waller D, Renwick A. Pharmacokinetics principles of medical pharmacology. England: Bailliere Trindall, 1994: 37-40.

32. Kart T, Christrup II, Rasmussen M. Recommended use of morphine in neonates, infants and children based on a literature review: Part I Pharmacokinetics. Kart T. Paediatr Anaesth 1997; 7(1): 5-11.

33. Roper A, Lauven PM. Pharmacokinetics in newborns and infants. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 1999; 34(10): 616-25.

34. Schwarze R, Penk A, Pittrow L. Administration of fluconazole in children below 1 year of age. Mycoses 1999; 42(1-2): 3-16.

35. Stewart CF, Hampton EM. Effect of maturation on drug disposition in pediatric patients. Clin Pharm 1987; 6: 548.

36. Roberts RJ. Drug therapy in infants. Pharmacologic Principles and Clinical Experience. Saunders, 1984.

37. Mirochnick M, Capparelli E, Connor J. Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in infants: a population analysis across studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66 (1): 16-24.

38. Scott CS, Riggs KW, Ling EW, Fitzgerald CE, Hill ML, Grunau RV et al. Morphine pharmacokinetics and pain assessment in premature newborns. J Pediatr 1999; 135 (4): 423-9.

39. Pariente-Khayat A, Treluyer JM, Rey E, Mokhtari M, Werner E, Jouvet P, d’Athis P et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of flunitrazepam in neonates and in infants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66 (2): 136-9.

40. Novelli V, Holzel H. Safety and tolerability of fluconazole in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43 (8): 1955-60.

41. Lares AI, Juárez OH, Zamarroni A, Flores PJ, Pérez GG. La unidad de farmacología clínica: un recurso para la enseñanza y la asistencia farmacológica. Acta Pediatr Mex 1993; 14 (3): 138-145.

42. Guillé PA, Lares AI, López HM, Pérez GG, Flores PJ, Juárez OH. Programa de Farmacovigilancia o detección temprana y oportuna de efectos adversos en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Acta Pediatr Mex 1998; 19 (2): 76-81.

43. Lares AI, Lugo GG, Pérez GG, Flores PJ, Juárez OH, Moreno MA. Farmacocinética bayesiana de cefuroxima en niños infectados gravemente enfermos. Rev Invest Clin 1998; 50: 311-316.

44. Lares AI, Lugo GG, Pérez GG, Pérez OB, Guillé PA, Juárez OH y cols. Predicción bayesiana de las concentraciones séricas de cloranfenicol en niños con sepsis y desnutrición. Rev Invest Clin 1999; 51(3): 159-165.

45. Boreus LO. Principles of Pediatric Pharmacology. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1982: 48.

46. Kurz H, Mauser-Ganshorn A, Stickel HH. Differences in the binding of drugs to plasma proteins from newborn and adult man. Europ J Clin Pharmacol II. 1977: 463-7.