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2005, Número 2

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Acta Med 2005; 3 (2)


Caídas en el anciano: Factores asociados en 168 casos

Domínguez CLG, Arellano AG, Leos ZH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 83-90
Archivo PDF: 84.93 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Investigar los factores asociados en las caídas del anciano y valorar su modificación con programa de ejercicios. Material y métodos: 168 adultos mayores con edad ≥ a 70 años; interrogatorio del evento, enfermedades, hospitalizaciones y actividad física. Mediciones: Goniometría de cadera y rodilla, podoscopia, fuerza isométrica, cronometría de marcha, prueba de coordinación. Intervención: 20 sesiones de ejercicios de equilibrio y fortalecimiento de músculos antigravitatorios. Resultados: Las caídas fueron más frecuentes en: domicilio (60.7%), (p = 0.05); lunes y domingo (50%); horario de 24:00 a 11:59 horas (68%); desplazamiento anterior (42%); tropiezo y/o deslizamiento (69%); choque de rodilla (48%); contusión 48%; traumatismo en cabeza (34%); atención médica (57%); 55 pacientes (33%) caída posterior a enfermedad; 48 casos (28.5%) realizaban ejercicio previo. Inicialmente contractura de flexores de cadera y rodilla en promedio de 25°; disminuyendo a 12° y 5° respectivamente (p = 0.05); incremento de fuerza isométrica cuadricipital de 155 a 262 newtons (p = 0.05); la velocidad de marcha de 0.85 a 1.17 m/s y la prueba de coordinación de 5 a 17 aciertos (p = 0.05). Conclusiones: Las caídas del anciano son multifactoriales, ligadas a disminución del equilibrio y fuerza muscular; ambos parámetros factibles de mejorar con ejercicio.


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