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ISSN 0187-5337 (Impreso)
Instituto Nacional de Perinatología

2008, Número 2

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Perinatol Reprod Hum 2008; 22 (2)


Neurobiología del bajo peso al nacer y su asociación con la diabetes tipo 2

Manuel-Apolinar L, Hernández-Valencia M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 71
Paginas: 155-164
Archivo PDF: 453.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

El retraso en el crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) fetal se relaciona con la desnutrición materna, así como con los factores ambientales y sociales en que se desarrolla la gestación, ya que interfeieren en la circulación y eficacia de la placenta. El RCIU pueden hacerse irreversible después del nacimiento y manifestarse en el bebe en un desarrollo psicomotriz deficiente y provocar secuelas neurológicas. Sin embargo, se ha establecido que los niños con esta condición tiene una recuperación de peso durante los primeros dos años de vida, con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) que se incrementa rápidamente. aunque este desorden parece relacionarse con resistencia a la insulina, ya que existe una relación entre el peso al nacimiento y el aumento del riesgo de diabetes en la edad adulta, así como la aparición de obesidad, hipertensión y glomerulopatía, independientemente de la herencia genética que se tenga.
En el tejido muscular del obese existe una alteración en la síntesis de glucógeno. debido a una menor actividad de la enzima glucógeno-sintetasa. El número de receptores a la insulina disminuye principalmente en los tejidos adiposo y muscular, por lo tanto, en estos casos los nutrientes que llegan al tejido adiposo para su almacenamiento aumentan y, en consecuencia, el músculo utiliza más grasa y menos glucosa como fuente de energía, originando disminución en la captación y utilización de la glucosa estimulada por la insulina.
La ingesta de aumentos se basa en un sistema de retroalimentación mediado por el gasto de energia y las funciones de los sistemas nervioso y endocrino, por lo tanto, cuanto menor es el peso al nacer, mayores son los riesgos de sufrir complicaciones.


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