López F, Herrera MF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 568-578
Archivo PDF: 179.51 Kb.

RESUMEN

La epidemia global coloca a la obesidad como un problema de salud serio tanto en niños como en adultos. Es bien conocido el hecho de que la obesidad incrementa el riesgo de padecer diversas enfermedades, dentro de las que destacan la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el síndrome metabólico. La prevalencia de este síndrome en la población de obesos en edad pediátrica es de 4.2% y llega a ser hasta de 50% en los adolescentes con obesidad extrema. La cirugía bariátrica permite una pérdida durable de hasta 75% del exceso de peso y también es una herramienta efectiva para mejorar varios aspectos del síndrome metabólico. El impacto de la cirugía bariátrica sobre las diversas comorbilidades es dramático. Se ha demostrado mejoría o resolución de la diabetes en 72 a 76% de los pacientes, destacando el hecho de que dicha mejoría se presenta incluso antes de que ocurra una pérdida importante de peso. Probablemente la cirugía bariátrica impacte directamente el eje entero-insular. Se investiga la conveniencia de realizar cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus a pesar de que su índice de masa corporal (IMC) sea menor a 35 kg/m². El tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida mediante cirugía se ha extendido a la población de adolescentes en un afán de prevenir complicaciones y se han diseñado recomendaciones específicas.

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