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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2008, Número 6

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2008; 65 (6)


Tratamiento farmacológico de la obesidad en niños

Coyote-Estrada N, Miranda-Lora AL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 547-567
Archivo PDF: 263.65 Kb.


RESUMEN

El tratamiento de la obesidad es un problema complejo, y los cambios en el estilo de vida no siempre tienen resultados satisfactorios, por lo que se han utilizado diversos fármacos para tratar de combatirla y algunos han mostrado ser efectivos. Entre estos medicamentos se encuentran aquellos que suprimen el apetito, los que incrementan el gasto energético, y los que modifican la absorción o el metabolismo de macronutrimentos. Sin embargo, algunos de ellos, a pesar de haber sido aprobados, han tenido que ser retirados del mercado debido a su asociación con efectos adversos graves. En la actualidad, de los utilizados para bajar de peso, solamente 2 de ellos se encuentran aprobados en población pediátrica: orlistat y sibutramina.
El tratamiento farmacológico no ha mostrado efectividad por sí mismo, ya que se trata de una enfermedad multifactorial que requiere involucrar la modificación de los hábitos de alimentación, incrementar la actividad física o de terapia conductual.
Aún quedan diversas interrogantes por resolver, como: seguridad de los medicamentos a largo plazo, forma de evitar la recuperación de peso secundaria a cualquiera que sea la intervención utilizada, eficacia de un fármaco sobre otro, tiempo óptimo de inicio, y la duración necesaria del tratamiento.
Debido a lo anterior, se sugiere reservar el tratamiento farmacológico a pacientes con comorbilidades asociadas, que no hayan respondido a un programa estructurado de reducción de peso, que comprendan las limitaciones y efectos adversos de los medicamentos y la necesidad de continuar con los cambios en el estilo de vida.


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