Angoa PM, Rivas AS

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 45-54
Archivo PDF: 112.95 Kb.

RESUMEN

El estado de estrés oxidativo juega un papel crucial en la fisiopatología de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tales como: Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington y esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. En todas estas condiciones se han observado un incremento de marcadores de daño oxidativo, los cuales involucran oxidación de proteínas, lípidos, DNA e incluso de RNA. Una gran cantidad de evidencias indican que el incremento en la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno, un déficit en las defensas antioxidantes, así como la disminución en la eficiencia de los mecanismos de reparación del DNA, la proteólisis, y la pérdida de regulación del sistema inmune, son factores que contribuyen primariamente al aumento de estrés oxidativo y llevan al daño cerebral progresivo. La enfermedad de Alzheimer, es un desorden de placas y marañas fibrilares, la enfermedad de Parkinson, se caracteriza por una disminución de neuronas dopaminérgicas, el mal de Huntington, en una pérdida de neuronas neoestriatales, y la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, es una enfermedad de las neuronas motoras, que difieren en las vías y estructuras involucradas. Sin embargo, dichas enfermedades también tienen características en común, que incluyen inflamación, mutaciones genéticas, agregados inapropiados de proteínas (cuerpos de Lewy, placas amiloides), activación glial, disfunción mitocondrial y estrés oxidativo, que finalmente conducen al deterioro progresivo que presentan los pacientes con enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En este trabajo, se discuten los factores que indican una relación entre un estado de estrés oxidativo y el proceso degenerativo que ocurre bajo condiciones neuropatológicas.

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