Campos MC, Cuadra ZTE, Rodríguez EG, Fernández FJ

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 61
Paginas: 88-98
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RESUMEN

La historia de la antibiosis dio comienzo con las observaciones realizadas por Sanderson y Roberts acerca de la inhibición del crecimiento de bacterias por otros organismos a finales del siglo XIX. Pero, sobre todo, la investigación biomédica tuvo un gran avance en este campo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, después del descubrimiento de la penicilina por Fleming. El hallazgo de la cefalosporina por Brotzu, y la posterior producción masiva de estos dos tipos de compuestos, hicieron surgir una nueva era, no solamente de avances importantes en el tratamiento de las enfermedades sino también en el aprovechamiento de los seres vivos para la producción de sustancias de alta utilidad para el hombre (lo que hoy en día se conoce como biotecnología). En esta revisión se resume la evolución histórica de los conocimientos sobre penicilina y cefalosporina, desde las primeras observaciones sobre los microorganismos productores y la química de estos antibióticos hasta las modernas formas de ingeniería genética dirigidas a la creación de cepas superproductoras a nivel industrial.

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