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2008, Número 2

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Cir Gen 2008; 30 (2)


Incidencia de complicaciones mecánicas durante la colocación de accesos intravasculares para administración de terapia nutricia parenteral

Hurtado TGF, Meléndez MG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 78-83
Archivo PDF: 78.96 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de complicaciones mecánicas asociadas a la colocación de catéteres venosos centrales para la administración de terapia médica nutricia en pacientes adultos.
Sede: Servicio de Nutrición Clínica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí.
Diseño: Prospectivo, descriptivo y observacional.
Análisis estadístico: Distribución de frecuencias para variables categóricas y prueba de Mantel-Haenszel.
Material y métodos: Se registraron las características demográficas y diagnósticos de los pacientes, así como las complicaciones mecánicas asociadas a la colocación de dispositivos intravasculares para administración de terapia médica nutricia parenteral.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 80 procedimientos de colocación de catéteres venosos centrales en un total de 71 pacientes. Las indicaciones para terapia nutricia parenteral fueron neoplasias (36.8%), fístulas entero cutáneas (18.3%), sepsis abdominal (9.8%), enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (8.4%), pancreatitis aguda (7.0%), síndrome de intestino corto (4.2%) y otras patologías diversas (15.4%). Se presentaron complicaciones mecánicas en 17/80 procedimientos (21.3%) y en 17/71 pacientes (23.9%). Las categorías de complicaciones fueron: punciones arteriales (44.4%), hematomas (37.0%), mal posición del dispositivo intravascular (14.8%) y hemorragias (3.7%). Los factores de riesgo para la presencia de complicaciones mecánicas fueron pobre condición nutricia (p = 0.02) y el número de punciones para intentar canular el vaso (p = 0.007)
Conclusiones: Se encontró una incidencia significativa de complicaciones mecánicas asociadas a la colocación de catéteres venosos centrales para la administración de terapia nutricia parenteral, se requiere de una estrecha supervisión para prevenir potenciales complicaciones.


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