Santillán-Doherty AM, Muñóz-Delgado J, Nicolini H

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 98
Paginas: 50-59
Archivo PDF: 165.21 Kb.

RESUMEN

Actualmente existe una buena cantidad de estudios y reportes sobre la personalidad de primates no humanos y otros animales. Las especies estudiadas, así como las líneas y los métodos de investigación, son extremadamente variadas, y abarcan desde reportes informales, ensayos teóricos y estudios de caso hasta investigaciones rigurosas.
Al revisar la bibliografía se observa la necesidad de probar que efectivamente existe la personalidad de los primates no humanos y que puede estudiarse como tal. Es decir, que es un objeto de estudio, diferenciado de otras áreas de estudio de la primatología. Asimismo, se deduce que los esfuerzos en esta área se dirigen al estudio de los rasgos de la personalidad y su correlación con diversas variables biológicas, sociales e incluso ecológicas, para lo cual se han utilizado fundamentalmente los métodos factorialistas.
Por otro lado, y usando como parámetro la investigación con humanos, en la bibliografía se propone que existen al menos tres criterios que debe cumplir la investigación con primates no humanos para considerarse viable: en primer lugar, la relación empírica entre rasgos de personalidad y comportamiento; en segundo, la concordancia interobservador que se logra en los instrumentos de valoración utilizados; y finalmente, la posibilidad de predecir el comportamiento a partir de la valoración de los rasgos de personalidad.
En el artículo se describe por último la propuesta que, según algunos autores, es la metodología más adecuada para estudiar la personalidad de los primates no humanos: la conjunción de la metodología etológica y la valoración de los rasgos de personalidad.
El incremento en el interés por esta área de estudio y la incipiente articulación de las diversas líneas de investigación desarrolladas en los últimos años, sugieren la posible implementación de los estudios de la personalidad animal como herramienta para una comprensión más amplia de los determinantes genéticos, biológicos y ambientales de la personalidad. Si la investigación animal cumple un papel importante en el desarrollo de diversas áreas de la psicología, desde el aprendizaje y la percepción hasta la psicopatología, es posible que también pueda aportar un conocimiento útil para el estudio de la personalidad humana.

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