López-Pantoja Y, Angulo-Escalante M, Martínez-Rodríguez C, Soto-Beltrán J, Chaidez-Quiroz C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 117-125
Archivo PDF: 158.89 Kb.

RESUMEN

En años recientes se ha incrementado el interés del uso de extractos naturales como alternativa para el control de microorganismos patógenos al hombre. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad microbicida de extractos acetónicos, etanólicos y metanólicos de semillas de neem y venadillo, a concentraciones de 1, 10, 25 y 50%, contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y el bacteriófago P22. Los extractos fueron evaluados por separado para cada microorganismo empleando dos tiempos de contacto (2.5 y 5 min). Las concentraciones iniciales y finales de las bacterias y el bacteriófago fueron expresadas en Log₁₀ Unidades Formadoras de Colonia por mililitro y Unidades Formadora de Placa por mililitro, respectivamente. El extracto etanólico de neem a 10%, inhibió el crecimiento de E. coli, mientras que los extractos metanólicos y acetónicos lo hicieron a partir de la concentración de 25% y 50%, respectivamente. El extracto etanólico de venadillo a 50% eliminó a E. coli, mientras que los extractos acetónicos y metanólicos redujeron 6 Log₁₀ UFC/mL. Los extractos de venadillo a 50% inhibieron el crecimiento de S. aureus, mientras que los extractos de neem no lograron una total reducción. El extracto etanólico de neem a 50% redujo 4 Log₁₀ UFP/mL del bacteriófago, mientras que los extractos de venadillo mostraron una reducción menor o igual a 3 Log₁₀ UFP/mL. Con base en estos resultados se puede establecer que los extractos etanólicos de neem y venadillo, a concentraciones de 50% mantuvieron una reducción bacteriana y viral de manera constante, y por lo tanto podrían ser una alternativa natural para el control de microorganismos patógenos.

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