Domínguez RCA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 149-155
Archivo PDF: 138.23 Kb.

RESUMEN

Considerado por mucho tiempo como reservorio de energía, el tejido adiposo es reconocido actualmente como productor de péptidos hormonales denominados adipocitocinas entre las que se encuentran la leptina, la adiponectina, y el factor de necrosis alfa, entre otros. La adiponectina existe en el plasma en tres formas estructurales de diferente peso molecular. La concentración de adiponectina en plasma es marcadamente superior en relación con otras adipocinas, y a diferencia de ellas, su concentración disminuye en ciertas condiciones como obesidad, diabetes mellitus y enfermedad aterosclerosa. Los niveles de adiponectina guardan una relación directa con el colesterol HDL y la captación de glucosa mediada por insulina. Se han descrito efectos inhibitorios de la aterosclerosis de la adiponectina mediante la disminución de la expresión de moléculas de adhesión, y de la formación de células espumosas en el subendotelio. Las adipocitocinas han emergido en los últimos años como un área de gran interés científico. La identificación de varios receptores para estas moléculas ha permitido entender sus efectos biológicos, aunque aún quedan muchos vacíos en el conocimiento de su mecanismo de acción. La producción y la secreción de adipocitocinas, incluida la adiponectina, son reguladas en forma dinámica por factores nutricionales y ambientales. El propósito de esta revisión es la de describir el estado actual del conocimiento científico y clínico sobre la adiponectina.

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