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2007, Número 3

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2007; 15 (3)


Ghrelina, un péptido modulador del metabolismo energético

del Rincón JJP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 118
Paginas: 138-148
Archivo PDF: 147.65 Kb.


RESUMEN

La ghrelina es un péptido producido principalmente en estómago que actúa como ligando natural del receptor de secretagogos de hormona de crecimiento (GHS-R). Al igual que los secretagogos de GH sintéticos, la ghrelina aumenta potentemente la liberación de hormona de crecimiento (GH). La ghrelina tiene una serie de peculiaridades desde el punto de vista estructural y funcional. Entre éstas se incluyen las siguientes: a) la ghrelina es la primera hormona peptídica en que se haya identificado una modificación por un ácido graso (ghrelina acilada); b) es el primer péptido circulante con un potente efecto orexígeno; c) aunque su forma acilada es la que inicialmente se describió como la forma activa, también la forma no acilada ha mostrado una serie de efectos, al menos desde el punto de vista farmacológico; d) aunque la ghrelina se identificó como el ligando endógeno del GHS-R, los efectos de su forma no acilada no son mediados por este receptor; e) la ghrelina es una molécula inestable y su forma acilada produce efectos distintos de los de la forma no acilada, por lo tanto la medición de sus niveles circulantes requiere de técnicas cuidadosas de obtención y preservación, y análisis específico de sus formas (e.g. detección específica de ghrelina acilada). La ghrelina ha generado gran interés debido a su efecto orexígeno y a sus efectos en metabolismo energético. Al menos en roedores, la ghrelina favorece una disminución en la utilización de ácidos grasos como sustrato energético y un aumento en la acumulación de grasa corporal. La disminución de la acción de ghrelina en roedores ha generado un balance energético negativo. En esta revisión se destacan algunos de los aspectos más relevantes de la bioquímica, fisiología, acción y aplicaciones potenciales de ghrelina.


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