García SN

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 132-137
Archivo PDF: 109.64 Kb.

RESUMEN

La leptina es una citoquina que se produce en un 95% en el tejido adiposo, se liga a su receptor en el hipotálamo e inhibe al neuropéptido Y, estimula a la POMC (pro-opiomalanocortina), incrementando la actividad simpática y el balance de energía, por lo tanto inhibe la ingesta de alimentos y estimula la expedición de energía, regula la homeostasis lipídica intracelular y favorece la oxidación de ácidos grasos. En la obesidad los niveles de leptina se encuentran aumentados y sus receptores solubles se encuentran disminuidos; la falla en la señalización en el receptor de leptina produce un incremento en la síntesis de ácidos grasos, hipertrigliceridemia, esteatosis hepática y muscular, resistencia a la insulina, falla en las células beta y diabetes mellitus, dichas alteraciones están presentes en el síndrome metabólico, la lipodistrofia, y en las mutaciones genéticas de la leptina. Las mutaciones en el gen de la leptina como en sus receptores causan hiperfagia, obesidad severa y resistencia a la insulina. La administración de leptina recombinante en las mutaciones genéticas y en la lipodistrofia reduce la obesidad y sus efectos metabólicos. Sin embargo su aplicación en la obesidad no tiene efectos significativos.

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