García MS, Sánchez GMI, Borja TB

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 80-86
Archivo PDF: 97.57 Kb.

RESUMEN

Introducción: La crisis asmática es un problema importante de salud pública y es causa de hospitalización especialmente en el verano y el invierno.
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la administración de dexametasona inhalada vs dexametasona intravenosa en niños con crisis asmática.
Diseño: Estudio prospectivo.
Lugar: Servicio de Urgencias de un hospital general de Naucalpan, Estado de México, México.
Pacientes: Un total de 120 pacientes (86 niños y 34 niñas, edad media 8 ± 3 años [rango 6-16 años]) con crisis asmática que ingresaron a un servicio de urgencias durante un período de un año. Sesenta pacientes (grupo A) se trataron con salbutamol + dexametasona inhalados cada 60 minutos (cuatro dosis) y a 60 se les administró salbutamol inhalado (cada 60 minutos, cuatro dosis) + una dosis única de dexametasona intravenosa.
Resultados: Se observó mejoría clínica en 49 pacientes del grupo A y en 24 pacientes del grupo B (p ‹ 0.001. El tiempo de estancia fue de 8.02 horas en el grupo A y 36 horas en el grupo B (p ‹ 0.001), la SpO₂ fue de 92% en el grupo A y 86% en el grupo B a los 240 minutos (p ‹ 0.001) y el flujo máximo espiratorio del 75% de la capacidad vital espirada (FEF 75%) fue de 82% en el grupo A y 75% en el grupo B (p ‹ 0.001).
Conclusión: La dexametasona + salbutamol inhalados es un tratamiento promisorio en niños con crisis asmática en el servicio de urgencias.

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