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2007, Número 1

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Bioquimia 2007; 32 (1)


La clorofilina como modulador y protector de daño al ADN: experiencia en el ratón in vivo

García-Rodríguez MC, Altamirano-Lozano MA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 15-24
Archivo PDF: 138.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

La exposición de las poblaciones humanas a diferentes agentes xenobióticos ha generado un considerable interés en el uso de suplementos dietéticos, particularmente productos derivados de plantas, debido a que se ha demostrado que existe una relación inversamente proporcional entre el consumo de vegetales y la incidencia de cáncer. Esta búsqueda y el estudio de sustancias con propiedades protectoras o moduladoras del daño al ADN, surge como una opción complementaria a los estudios de genotoxicidad, ya que al conocer los mecanismos de protección se pueden generar alternativas para contrarrestar los efectos de los agentes inductores de daño genotóxico. La clorofilina (CFL) es una sal de la clorofila con sodio y cobre, conteniendo un anillo de porfirina con un ion metálico en el centro, teniendo además átomos de sodio o potasio reemplazando los grupos fitil éster. Algunos autores han demostrado los efectos antimutagénicos y anticarcinogénicos de la CFL en organismos vivos incluyendo el humano. Estudios realizados en nuestro laboratorio muestran que cuando la CFL es administrada intraperitonealmente a ratones normales y a hembras preñadas, ésta es capaz de proteger del daño genotóxico inducido por metales como el cromo, incluso a los mismos fetos, sin que se muestren efectos tóxicos en los animales tratados con la CFL. Estos mismos resultados se observaron cuando se empleó radiación gamma. Por otro lado cuando hembras preñadas fueron tratadas con altas dosis de CFL, ésta indujo una pérdida total de las camadas, sin embargo cuando hembras preñadas fueron tratadas con CrO3 se observó una alta incidencia de malformaciones externas y esqueléticas y cuando la CFL se administró previa al tratamiento con cromo se observó una disminución de las malformaciones externas. Según estudios realizados, los probables mecanismos antimutagénicos de la CFL son: la captura de radicales libres y de especies reactivas de oxígeno (EROs), la supresión o interferencia de la activación metabólica por citocromo (P-450) y otras enzimas metabólicas, y la formación de complejos con promutágenos o grupos funcionales reactivos.


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