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2025, Número 1

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Acta Med 2025; 23 (1)


Una nueva propuesta: diabetes tipo 3, una revisión narrativa

Córdova PVH, Zabaneh CV, Rodríguez WFL, Cabrera JR, González AR, Cantú GA, Gutiérrez BD, Aguilar DM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 64
Paginas: 52-57
Archivo PDF: 184.44 Kb.


RESUMEN

Este artículo de revisión explora la relación entre la resistencia a la insulina en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) y su impacto en enfermedades neurodegenerativas, particularmente en el espectro de la diabetes tipo 2 y el espectro de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. A través de un análisis de vías moleculares clave, como PI3K/Akt, AMPK y JNK, el artículo describe cómo estas alteraciones metabólicas afectan la neuroplasticidad y promueven el daño neuronal. También aborda el papel de la disfunción mitocondrial y los estados proinflamatorios crónicos, que crean entornos de estrés oxidativo y contribuyen a la acumulación de proteínas tóxicas, acelerando la neurodegeneración. Además, el artículo examina métodos diagnósticos emergentes, incluyendo biomarcadores plasmáticos y de LCR, qEEG, fMRI y MRS, que permiten la identificación temprana de alteraciones en la conectividad y cambios metabólicos en el cerebro. Estos métodos ofrecen oportunidades para la detección e intervención tempranas en etapas iniciales, con importantes implicaciones clínicas y preventivas. Finalmente, se discuten intervenciones basadas en el estilo de vida y posibles enfoques terapéuticos, como la insulina intranasal y los moduladores de la inflamación, para frenar la progresión del deterioro cognitivo y mejorar la calidad de vida en pacientes de alto riesgo.


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