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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2023, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2023; 26 (1)


Acciones del peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) como señalizador redox y como agente de estrés oxidante en la diabetes mellitus

Ulloa M, Macías F, Martínez EG, Arnold E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 114
Paginas: 1-14
Archivo PDF: 444.43 Kb.


RESUMEN

En las reacciones bioquímicas del metabolismo donde participa el oxígeno molecular se presenta una constante formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS). Entre las diferentes ROS, destaca el peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) por su papel en la fisiología celular, ya que participa como segundo mensajero en múltiples procesos celulares como la proliferación celular, la síntesis y la secreción de hormonas, la regulación y la activación de células inmunes, la angiogénesis y los procesos apoptóticos. Sin embargo, un aumento exacerbado en la formación y la acumulación de H2O2, producido por el incremento en la actividad de la cadena transportadora de electrones en la mitocondria, la autooxidación de la glucosa y/o la activación de la vía del sorbitol, genera un desequilibrio en el estado de óxido-reducción de las células. Esta acumulación de H2O2 puede causar un daño celular a través de la oxidación de las proteínas, los lípidos, los carbohidratos y los ácidos nucleicos; al contribuir en el desarrollo y la progresión de enfermedades degenerativas y metabólicas como la diabetes mellitus. Al subir la concentración de la glucosa en la sangre, se presenta un incremento en la concentración del H2O2, que intensifica los procesos oxidantes que están ligados a la patogénesis, la progresión y las complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus.


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