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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2023, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2023; 26 (1)


Endolisinas fágicas como herramientas moleculares contra las bacterias Gram-negativas

Juárez-Cortés MZ, Castellón-Avalos M, Zermeño-Cervantes LA, Cardona-Félix CS

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 90
Paginas: 1-13
Archivo PDF: 548.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las enzimas líticas codificadas por los bacteriófagos o fagos (endolisinas), actualmente se evalúan como una alternativa para combatir a las bacterias patógenas. El carácter antibacteriano de estas enzimas, resulta de su capacidad para hidrolizar el peptidoglucano que compone la pared celular bacteriana. Las endolisinas se caracterizan por su reducido espectro de acción, rápido efecto bactericida, baja probabilidad de desarrollar resistencia y por su efectividad contra los patógenos multirresistentes. Gracias a la accesibilidad de las plataformas de secuenciación y a los análisis masivos de datos, se han identificado una gran cantidad de genes codificantes de endolisinas. Por otro lado, la actividad bactericida de estas enzimas se puede incrementar al manipular sus dominios funcionales, a través de la ingeniería de proteínas. En particular, esta manipulación amplía su espectro de acción contra las bacterias Gram-negativas, las cuales en su mayoría son insensibles a su efecto debido a la baja permeabilidad de su membrana externa que limita el contacto con la pared celular. Es así que, la fusión de los péptidos permeabilizadores de la membrana externa ha expandido su aplicación contra los patógenos Gram-negativos de prioridad crítica. A la fecha, existen numerosos grupos de investigación internacional que se destacan por el desarrollo tecnológico que realizan y el resultado son las patentes en este campo. Sin embargo, en México es una línea de investigación poco explorada. El objetivo de este trabajo es, difundir esta nueva generación de antibacterianos.


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