Espinosa E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 84-90
Archivo PDF: 101.96 Kb.

RESUMEN

Evidencias recientes establecen que la evolución del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en la presente epidemia tiene un componente adaptativo. La principal presión selectiva sobre este virus consiste en el reconocimiento por linfocitos T citotóxicos (CTLs), de péptidos virales en células infectadas, asociados a moléculas HLA de clase I. Dado que cada alelo HLA reconoce un repertorio definido de péptidos, las mutaciones de escape reflejarán los alelos presentes individual o poblacionalmente. Estudios iniciales establecieron la posibilidad de la evolución adaptativa en el VIH, mostrando el papel de los CTLs en el control de la infección, la aparición de mutantes de escape y su capacidad de ser transmitidas y acumularse. Posteriormente, el hallazgo de una asociación en un nivel poblacional entre los polimorfismos en la secuencia del virus y ciertos alelos HLA se consideró una huella de la selección por CTLs, cuyos mecanismos inmunológicos y su acción actual han sido también descritos. El evaluar hipótesis inmunológicas sugeridas por la estadística de polimorfismos virales y humanos ofrece nuevas oportunidades de investigación sobre la interacción entre los tratamientos antirretrovirales y la respuesta inmune, el papel de otras presiones selectivas y la importancia biológica de la aptitud replicativa de las variantes virales.

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