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2002, Número 1

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2002; 22 (1)


Aminoglucósidos

Rodríguez-Álvarez M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 20-30
Archivo PDF: 74.79 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los aminoglucósidos son antibióticos que han sido usados por más de 40 años. Son substancias producidas por actinomicetos, todos son policationes y sus propiedades farmacocinéticas dependen de su polaridad. Su actividad antimicrobiana es favorecida en medios con pH alcalino. Se absorben rápidamente por vía intramuscular o subcutánea. Sólo atraviesan la barrera hematoencefálica si las meninges están inflamadas. En pacientes con falla renal pueden alcanzar niveles tóxicos en sangre. Los aminoglucósidos son bactericidas rápidos, inhiben la síntesis proteica bacteriana y alteran la integridad de la membrana citoplasmática. Los mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana a estos antimicrobianos están bien identificados. Su actividad antimicrobiana está orientada a bacilos gram-negativos aerobios. Combinado con betalactámicos tiene efecto contra cocos gram positivos. Su uso e indicaciones durante el embarazo y la lactancia merecen particular atención.


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