medigraphic.com

2003, Número 1

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Hosp M Gea Glz 2003; 6 (1)


Fisiopatología del síndrome urémico

Gutiérrez VI, Domínguez MA, Acevedo MJJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 13-24
Archivo PDF: 130.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

El síndrome urémico puede definirse como una alteración en las funciones bioquímicas y fisiológicas durante el desarrollo de insuficiencia renal en estadio terminal. Los signos y síntomas se deben en parte a la acumulación de solutos de retención urémica y toxinas urémicas. La arginina es de los aminoácidos más versátiles en las células animales, no sólo como precursor para la síntesis de proteínas, sino también de óxido nítrico, urea, glutamato, poliaminas y creatina, por lo tanto, un repaso de metabolismo de la arginina es importante para un mejor entendimiento del síndrome urémico. Este artículo revisa aspectos fisiopatológicos de las toxinas urémicas y los mecanismos de acumulación que incluyen una función renal disminuida, estrés oxidativo, respuesta inflamatoria, uremia per se, y proteínas modificadas que resultan en anormalidades en las funciones biológicas en pacientes con falla renal crónica.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Bailey JM, Mitch WE. Pathophysiology of uremia. In: Brenner and Rector. The Kidney. 6th ed. W. B. Saunders Company 2000. Pág. 2059-78.

  2. Vanholder R, De Smet R. Pathophysiologic effects of uremic retention solutes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 1815-1823.

  3. Hõrl WH. Uremic toxins: New Aspects. J Nephrol 2000; 13 (suppl 3): s83-s88.

  4. Bagnasco SM. UREA: New questions about an ancient solute. J Nephrol 2000; 13: 260-266.

  5. Sands JM. Regulation of urea transporter proteins in Kidney and liver. The Monut Sinai J O Med 2000; 67: 112-118.

  6. Tsukaguchi H, Shayakul C. Urea transporter in Kidney: Molecular analysis and contribution to he urinary concentrating process. Am J Physiol (renal physiol) 1988; 275(44): F319-324.

  7. Rovillard P, Bailey JL, Sands JM, Klein JD, Timmer RT. UT-A urea transporter protein expressed in liver: Upregulation by uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 2076-2083.

  8. Wu G, Morris SM. Arginine metabolism: Nitric oxide and beyond (Review Article). Biochem J 1998; 336: 1-17.

  9. Lee B, Yu H, Jahoor F, O´brien W, Beaudet AL, Reeds P. In vivo urea cycle flux distinguishes and correlates with phenotypic seve-rity in disorders of the urea cycle. USA. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2000; 97(14): 8021-8026.

  10. Judkoff M, Daikhin Y, Nissim I, Jawod A, Wilson J, Batshaw M, Marc Y, Yevgeny D. In vivo nitrogen metabolism in ornithine transcarbamilase deficiency. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 2167-2173.

  11. Himmelfarb J, McMonagle E. Manifestations of oxidante stress in uremia. Blood purification 2001; 19: 200-205.

  12. Fryer MJ. Vitamin E as a protective antioxidant in progressive renal failure (review Article), Nephrology 2000; 5: 1-7.

  13. Galli F, Canestrari F. Biological effects of oxidante stress in haemodialysis: The possible roles of vitamin E. Blood Purification 1999; (C abstract)17(2-3): 79-94.

  14. Haugen E, Nath KA. Haemodialysis and oxidant stress: the involvement of oxidative stress in the progression of renal injury. Blood Purification 1999; (Abstract) 17(2-3): 58-65.

  15. Blake PG. Trends in patient and technique survival in peritoneal dialysis and strategies: How are we doing and how can ew do better? Adv Ren Repl Ther 2000; 7(4): 324-337.

  16. Eur J Biochem, Lardner AL, O’Donovan DJ. Renal and hepatic nitrogen metabolism during NH4CL ingestion in proteins-deprived rats. The FEBS Journal Vol 1998; 254: 428-432.

  17. Yu Y, Noviski N, Lyons J, Zurakowski D, Lau T, Owen W. Arginine, citrulline, and nitric oxide metabolism in end stage renal disease. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 1217-1225.

  18. Esteban J, Moreno VG, Guillen DA, Barroso CG, Gómez-Fernández P, Velasco G. Vía de L-Arginina-óxido nítrico en la hemodiálisis. Nefrología 2000; XX: 262-68.

  19. Remuzzi G, Aiello S, Noris M. Nitric oxide/L-argine in uremia. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1999; (abstract) 25(4-5): 384-390.

  20. Galle J, Wanner C. Modification of lipoproteins in uremia: Oxidation, glycation and carbamoylation. Miner electrolyte Metab 1999; (abstract) 25(4-6): 263-268.

  21. Miyata T, Kurokawa K. Advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products: Role of reactive carbonyl compounds generate during carbohydrate and lipid metabolis (Review ). J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; Vol 11(9).

  22. Wu YC, Elgawish A, Monnier VM, Friedlander MA, Yu Ching Wu. Early and advanced glycosylation end products. J Clinn Invest 1996; 97: 728-735.

  23. Retsgaard HHF, Sai L, Stadtman ER, Hanne HFR, Lin T. Modifications of proteins by polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation products. Proc Nat Acad Sci, USA 2000; (abstract) 97: 611-616.

  24. Wieslande A, Rippe A, Albrektson A, Henle T, Rippe B, Musi B, Braide M. Very high daily intraperitoneal doses of carbonyl compounds affect the morphology, but not the exchange characteristics, of rat peritoneum. Blood Purification 20001; (abstract) 19: 286-292.

  25. Inagi R, Miyata T. Oxidative protein damage with crbohydrates and lipids in uremia: Carbonyl stress. Blood Purification 1999; (abstract) 17(2-3): 95-98.

  26. Kyo-Cheol M, Golper TA. Impaired biological activity of erythropoietin by cyanate carbamylation. Blood Purification 2000; (abstract) 18(1): 13-17.

  27. Felsenfeld AJ, Rodríguez M. Phosphorus, regulation of plasma calcium, and secondary hyperparathyroidism: A hypothesis to integrate a historical and modern perspective (Review). J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 878-890.

  28. Fukagawa M, Fukuda N, Yi H, Kitaok M, Kurokawa K, Masafumi F, Naoko F. Derangement of parathyroid function in renal failure: biological and clinical aspects. J of Nephrol 1996; 9: 219-224.

  29. Kurokawa K, Fukagawa M. Uremic bone disease: Advances over the last 30 years. J Nephrol 1999; 12 (suppl 2): s63-678.

  30. Vaziri ND, Wang XQ, Liang K. Secondary hyperparathyroidims downregulates lipoprotein lipase expression in chronic renal failure. AJP-Renal Physiol 1997; (abstract).273: F925-930.

  31. Vaziri ND, Ni Z, Wang XQ, Zhou XJ. Downregulation of nitric oxide synthase in chronic renal insufficiency: Role of excess PTH. AJP Renal Physiol 1998; 274(4): F642-649.

  32. Ni Z, Zhang G. Klin M, Smogorzewski M. Abnormalities in hepatic lipase in chronic renal failure. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 2167-2173.

  33. Querfeld U, Hoffmann MM, Klaus G, Eifinger F, Ackerschott M, Muchalk D.. Antagonistic effects of vitamin-D and parathyroid hormone on lipoprotein lipase in cultured adipocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; (abstract) 10: 2158-64.

  34. De santos N, Galleti P, Ingrosso D, Timio M, Saronio P, Capudicasa E, Brunneti M, Terracina L. Plasma sulfate concentration and hiperhomocisteinemia in hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol 2001; 14(1): 0-00.

  35. Perna A, Castaldo P. Homocysteine and crhonic renal failures. Miner Electrolyte Metabo 1999; (abstract) 25(4-6): 279-285.

  36. Bostom AG, Culleton BF. Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 891-900.

  37. Kajiyama H, Nojima Y, Mitsuhashi H, Ueki K, Tamura S, Seki Hara t, Hiroshi K, Yosihihisa N. Elevated levels of serum sulfite in patients with chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: 923-927.

  38. Amor J, Aresté N, Cambil T, De la Prada F, Jarava C, Salgueira M. Efectos de una restricción de fósforo dietético en la producción de 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) en pacientes con insuficiencia renal moderada. Nefrología 2000; XX: 158-63..

  39. Vandholder R, De Smet R, Lamiere N. Protein-bound uremic solutes: the forgotten toxins. Kidney Int 2001; (abstract) (suppl) 78: S266-S270.

  40. Cendoroglo M, Jaber BL, Balakrishan VS, Perianayagain M, King AJ, Pereira BJ. Neutrophil apoptosis and dysfunction in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 93-100.

  41. Hirayama A, Noronha-Dutra AA, Gorge MP, Neil H, Hothersall JS, Aki H, Alberto A. Inhibition of neutrophil superoxide production by uremic cencentration of guanidino compounds. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: 684-689.

  42. Yumiya ST, Boim MA, Heilberg IP. Revisao/Atualizaçao em fisiología e fisiopatología renal: Importancia dos receptores de cálcio. J Bras Nefrol 1997; 19(3): 301-305.

  43. Stenvikel P. Leptin and its clinical implications in chronic renal failure. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1999; (abstract) 25(4): 298-232.

  44. Jackson EK, Herzer WA. A comparison of the natriuretic/diuretic effects of rat vs human leptin in the rat. AJP Renal Physiol 1999; (abstract) 277: F761-65.

  45. Correia MLG, Morgan DA, Sivitz WI, Mark AL, Haynes WG. Leptin acts in the central nervous system to produce dose-dependente changes in arterial pressure. Hypertension 20001; (abstract) 37(3): 936.

  46. Merabet E, Dagogo-Jack S, Coyne DW, Kleins S, Santiago JV, Hmiel SP, Lomdt M. Increase plasma leptin concentration in endstage renal disease. J Clin Endocrinol And Metab 1997; (abstract) 82(3): 847-850.

  47. Widjaja A, Kielstein JT, Kliem V, Brabant G. Free serum leptin but not bound leptin concentration are elevate in patients with endstage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15: 846-850.

  48. Odamaki M, Furuya R, Yoheyama T, Nishikino M, Hibi I, Miyahi K, Humegai H. Association of the serum leptin concentration with weight loss in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Kid Dis 1999; (abstract) 33: 361-368.

  49. Meyer C, Robson D, Rackovsky N, Nodkarni V, Gerich J. Role of the kidney in human leptin metabolism. AJP-Endocrinol Metabol 1997; 273: E903-E907.

  50. Tornero F, García-Garzón A, Rincón B, Prieto S, Usón J, Lozano L. Anormalidades de las apolipoproteínas C-II y C-III en pacientes normolipémicos e hiperlipémicos con insuficiencia renal crónica. Nefrología 2000; XX: 47-53.

  51. Brandao de Almeida PE. Revisao/Atualizaçao em nefrología clínica: Citocinas e progressao de doença renal. J Bras Nefrol Vol. 1997; 19: 306-312.

  52. Bistrian BR. Interaction between nutrition and inflammation in end stage renal disease. Blood Purification 2000; (abstract) 18: 333-336.

  53. De Pietro S, Taccola D, Panichi V, Migliori M, Bianchi AM, Norpoth M, Giovannini L, Palla R, Tetta C. C-Reactive protein as a marker of chronic inflammation in uremic patients. Blood Purification 2000; (abstract) 18(3): 183-190.

  54. Bailey J, Wang X. THE balance between glucocorticoids and insulin regulates muscle proteolysis via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. Miner and Prices. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1999; (abstract) 25(4-6): 220-223.

  55. Mafra D, Burini RC. Atualizaçao em nefrología clínica: efeito da acidose e do seu controle sobre o catabolismo de proteínas e aminoácidos na insuficiencia renal crônica. J Bras Nefrol 2000; 22: 192-200.

  56. Bailey J, Wang X, England BK, Price SR, Ding X, Mitch WE. The acidosis of chronic renal failure activates muscle proteolysis in rats by augmenting transcription of genes encoding proteins of the ATP-dependent Ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 1447-1453.

  57. Mitch W, Du J, Bailey J, Price SR. Mechanisms causing muscle proteolysis in uremia: the influence of insulin and cytokines. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1999; 25(4-6): 219-219. (abstract).

  58. Holthausen CA, Schor N. Aspectos celulares e moleculares da interaçao entre cristais de oxalato de calcio e células tubulares renais. J Bras Nefrol 1998; 29: 151-157.

  59. Carrasco-Sánchez FJ, López-Domínguez JM, Cascdo-chocan JL, Pérez-Gutiérrez S, Onaindia-Rico JM, Borrero-Martín JJ, Blanco- Ollero A. Miopatía Urémica. Rev Neurol 2000; 30: 1154-1156.

  60. Moreira PR, Barros E. Atualizaçao em fisiologia e fisiopatologia renal: Bases fisiopatologicos da miopatía na insuficiencia renal crônica. J Bras Nefrol 2000; 22: 201-208.

  61. Du J, Mitch WE, Wang X, Wang X, Price SR. Glucocorticoids induce proteosome C3 subunit expresion en L6 Muscle celss by opposing the supression of its trasncription by NF-Kb. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 19661-19666.

  62. Noris M, Remuzzi G. Uremic Bleeding: Closing the circle after 30 years of controversies. Blood 1999; 94: 2569-2574.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com