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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2022, Número 2

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Med Int Mex 2022; 38 (2)


COVID-19: prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Recomendaciones de un grupo multidisciplinario

Ortiz-Ibarra FJ, Simón-Campos JA, Macías-Hernández A, Anda-Garay JC, Vázquez-Cortés J, García-Méndez J, Volkow-Fernández P, Cornejo-Juárez P, González-Rivera M, Aldrete-Velasco JA, Enríquez-Ramos MS, Arias-Luna A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 124
Paginas: 288-321
Archivo PDF: 575.99 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: La infección por SARS-CoV-2, causante de la COVID-19 ha impactado al mundo entero debido a su extensa y rápida propagación. En los dos últimos años se han confirmado más de 412 millones de casos, con más de 5.8 millones de muertes, hasta el 14 de febrero del 2022.
Objetivo: Integrar una serie de recomendaciones basadas en el mejor nivel de evidencia en prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, incluidas sus nuevas variantes.
Metodología: Revisión de diferentes guías internacionales y de artículos recientes publicados en revistas con revisión por pares. Emitir recomendaciones con base en el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación establecidos por las guías de la National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Los autores analizaron los artículos seleccionados y, con base en su experiencia, resumieron lo más relevante para cumplir con los objetivos de estas recomendaciones.
Resultados: Se encontraron 200 artículos de los que solo se seleccionaron 124 que cumplieron los requisitos para identificar el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación.
Conclusiones: La prevención mediante vacunación sigue siendo la mejor herramienta para poder establecer mecanismos de protección contra el virus y disminuir sustancialmente las hospitalizaciones y la mortalidad asociadas. Si bien la vacunación homóloga es aún el patrón de referencia aceptado, hay que considerar la eficacia de los esquemas heterólogos para evitar la hospitalización y la mortalidad. Los anticuerpos monoclonales, como sotrovimab, tienen actividad en contra de la variante Ómicron y la molécula AZD7442 que ha demostrado una alta eficacia para prevenir la COVID-19 sintomática en condiciones de pre y posexposición.


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