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2021, Número 4

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2021; 40 (4)


El síndrome metabólico y sus efectos en la función y dinámica de las mitocondrias del corazón

García SBY, Rueda SVA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 189-203
Archivo PDF: 411.31 Kb.


RESUMEN

El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) engloba a un conjunto de alteraciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas que según la Federación Internacional de Diabetes se diagnostica por la presencia de obesidad abdominal y al menos dos de los siguientes factores: 1) disglucemia, 2) hipertrigliceridemia, 3) disminución del colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (o cHDL) e 4) hipertensión; y que se consideran factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECVs). El SM tiene una alta incidencia en México; sin embargo, no se cuentan con estudios recientes acerca de las afecciones cardiovasculares que ocasiona en la población mexicana. El SM está asociado a un incremento en la estimulación simpática, lo que aumenta la frecuencia cardiaca en condición de reposo y limita la respuesta del sistema cardiovascular al estrés o al aumento en la actividad física. También se ha observado que los pacientes con SM presentan vasculopatías y en los jóvenes, el SM favorece el desarrollo de hipertrofia cardiaca; sin embargo, se sabe muy poco de las alteraciones bioquímicas que causan los factores de riesgo del SM en el miocardio y específicamente en la función mitocondrial. En esta revisión presentamos los resultados más recientes acerca de las alteraciones en la función mitocondrial, la expresión de enzimas y la dinámica mitocondrial en el corazón en presencia de obesidad, hipertensión y dislipidemias identificadas en el SM, y también analizamos las estrategias terapéuticas novedosas para recuperar la función mitocondrial. Sin embargo, se han publicado muy pocos estudios de las alteraciones en la función y la dinámica de las mitocondrias del corazón en la condición de SM, por lo que aún se debe de realizar más investigación al respecto. ABSTRACT


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