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2002, Número 2

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2002; 45 (2)


Papel regulador del ATP en el sistema nervioso

Mendoza FV, Pacheco DRL, Valenzuela F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 71-77
Archivo PDF: 111.78 Kb.


RESUMEN

La comunicación intercelular interesó a los fisiólogos desde hace mucho tiempo. Y aunque por décadas la adenosina-trifosfato (ATP) fue considerada exclusivamente una fuente de energía para el metabolismo intracelular, en la actualidad se acepta que es un importante neurotransmisor tanto intra como extracelular. Y se ha establecido el concepto de neurotransmisión purinérgica que regula, entre otros sistemas, el flujo sanguíneo coronario. Asimismo se han reconocido los receptores P1 y P2 que intervienen, entre otras cosas, en la agregación plaquetaria y se han identificado asimismo los dominios transmembranales que emplean, parecidos a los canales de sodio y potasio de las células epiteliales pero diferentes, por cierto de los canales de glutamato y nicotínico.
El ATP participa en la comunicación sináptica de los nervios simpáticos en los vasos sanguíneos, independientemente de la noradrenalina, sobre todo en ciertas zonas como el plexo mesentérico; la transmisión purinérgica en el sistema parasimpático es importante en la actividad del corazón y vías aéreas. Por último, el ATP facilita la actividad de las neuronas dopaminérgicas y actúa asimismo en la transmisión del dolor en las neuronas sensoriales de conducción lenta.


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