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2021, Número 3

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2021; 40 (3)


Un vistazo a la morfología y dinámica de la mitocondria y a los sitios de producción de las especies reactivas de oxígeno

Matus OG, Pardo JP, Guerra SG, Buendía CK, Matus OM, González J, Luqueño BOI, Vázquez CM, Romero AL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 111-127
Archivo PDF: 847.49 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las mitocondrias son organelos celulares altamente compartimentalizados, capaces de adaptar su metabolismo a través de eventos de fisión y fusión y que les permite adoptar morfologías alargadas, interconectadas o fragmentadas. Tienen su propio genoma y se encargan de sintetizar energía en forma de ATP a través de la fosforilación oxidativa. Es probable que la mitocondria sea el mayor generador de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) en la célula, por lo que es fundamental conocer la contribución de cada uno de los complejos respiratorios y de las enzimas mitocondriales (deshidrogenasas) en la producción de ROS. En esta revisión se abordan conceptos clásicos y se describen nuevas complejidades de la función, la morfología y el metabolismo mitocondrial, como la formación de las redes mitocondriales, la estructura de las crestas, la formación de los supercomplejos respiratorios, los procesos de fusión y fisión, la interacción con el retículo endoplásmico, y la producción de ROS en la cadena respiratoria y en otras enzimas de la matriz mitocondrial.


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