Izaguirre ADD, López PGT

Language: Spanish
References: 47
Page: 79-92
PDF size: 270.07 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease of major significance in childhood. The WHO estimates that it affects 300 million people and is the cause of death worldwide with 250,000 deaths per year. Its prevalence has increased dramatically in recent decades, especially in industrialized cities. The International Childhood Asthma and Allergy Study revealed that countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia show higher prevalences than China, India, Ethiopia, Indonesia and Eastern Europe. Material and methods: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: We reviewed 308 files of patients diagnosed with asthma at the National Institute of Pediatrics during the period January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014, of which 107 files were excluded. In this descriptive study, patient records were reviewed to identify the frequency of perinatal factors involved in the occurrence of asthma described in the literature. Of the total number of patients included (201), 80 were women (39.9%) and 121 were men (60.1%). Compared to the literature, the birth route was identified as one of the most influential factors and the frequency was high in the records reviewed. Conclusions: Asthma in childhood is a chronic inflammatory bronchial condition of multifactorial etiology, characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells into the cytokine-controlled airway mucosa of Th2 lymphocytes. It is the result of the association of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors that promote the response towards Th2 lymphocytes and prevent the response of Th1 lymphocytes. In this study the perinatal risk factor, the practice of abdominal birth, was the most frequently identified, so it is important that mothers of children already known to be asthmatic are provided with information about the benefits of vaginal birth in terms of protection from allergic diseases.

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