medigraphic.com
ISSN 2500-7106 (Electronic)
ISSN 0123-2576 (Print)
Medicina & Laboratorio

2014, Number 03-04

<< Back Next >>

Medicina & Laboratorio 2014; 20 (03-04)

Alcoholic hepatitis

Ospina-Toro JR, Bustamante-Duque M, Tangarife-Castaño V, Restrepo-Gutiérrez JC

Language: Spanish
References: 71
Page: 135-152
PDF size: 1191.28 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Alcoholic hepatitis is an acute form of liver injury that occurs in people who consume large amounts of alcohol over prolonged period. The clinical spectrum can range from asymptomatic states to acute liver failure; therefore, it is difficult to diagnose. The therapy has multiple alternatives as medical support, pharmacological treatment, or both, and liver transplantation, but the mainstay is alcohol abstinence.


REFERENCES

  1. Murray RK, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennelly PJ, Rodwell VW, Weil PA. Harper. Bioquimica ilustrada. México D.F., México: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2010.

  2. Longo D, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (ed 18a). México D.F., México: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2012.

  3. Choi G, Runyon BA. Alcoholic hepatitis: a clinician’s guide. Clin Liver Dis 2012; 16: 371-385.

  4. Singal AK, Anand BS. Recent trends in the epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease. Clinical Liver Disease 2013; 2: 53-56.

  5. O’Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ. Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2010; 51: 307-328.

  6. Schwartz JM, Reinus JF. Prevalence and natural history of alcoholic liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2012; 16: 659-666.

  7. Basra S, Anand BS. Definition, epidemiology and magnitude of alcoholic hepatitis. World J Hepatol 2011; 3: 108-113.

  8. Beckett AG, Livingstone AV, Hill KR. Acute alcoholic hepatitis. Br Med J 1961; 2: 1113- 1119.

  9. Lucey MR, Mathurin P, Morgan TR. Alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 2758- 2769.

  10. Amini M, Runyon BA. Alcoholic hepatitis 2010: a clinician’s guide to diagnosis and therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 4905- 4912.

  11. Sandahl TD, Jepsen P, Thomsen KL, Vilstrup H. Incidence and mortality of alcoholic hepatitis in Denmark 1999-2008: a nationwide population based cohort study. J Hepatol 2011; 54: 760-764.

  12. Naveau S, Giraud V, Borotto E, Aubert A, Capron F, Chaput JC. Excess weight risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1997; 25: 108-111.

  13. Higuera-de la Tijera MF, Pérez-Hernández JL, Servín-Caamaño AI, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Cruz-Palacios A, Abdo-Francis JM, et al. Hepatitis alcohólica. Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex 2009; 72 (4): 215-221.

  14. Savolainen VT, Liesto K, Mannikko A, Penttila A, Karhunen PJ. Alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease: evidence of a threshold level of effects of ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993; 17: 1112-1117.

  15. Lu XL, Luo JY, Tao M, Gen Y, Zhao P, Zhao HL, et al. Risk factors for alcoholic liver disease in China. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 2423-2426.

  16. Iturriaga H, Bunout D, Hirsch S, Ugarte G. Overweight as a risk factor or a predictive sign of histological liver damage in alcoholics. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 235-238.

  17. Yang AL, Vadhavkar S, Singh G, Omary MB. Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 649-656.

  18. Mandayam S, Jamal MM, Morgan TR. Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 2004; 24: 217-232.

  19. Morgan MY, Sherlock S. Sex-related differences among 100 patients with alcoholic liver disease. Br Med J 1977; 1: 939-941.

  20. Frezza M, di Padova C, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS. High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 95-99.

  21. Stewart SH. Racial and ethnic differences in alcohol-associated aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase elevation. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2236-2239.

  22. Stinson FS, Grant BF, Dufour MC. The critical dimension of ethnicity in liver cirrhosis mortality statistics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25: 1181-1187.

  23. Day CP, Bassendine MF. Genetic predisposi tion to alcoholic liver disease. Gut 1992; 33: 1444-1447.

  24. Monzoni A, Masutti F, Saccoccio G, Bellentani S, Tiribelli C, Giacca M. Genetic determinants of ethanol-induced liver damage. Mol Med 2001; 7: 255-262.

  25. Gutierrez-Reyes G, Rosique D, Corona-Caloca LE, Hernandez-Ruiz J, Garcia de León MC, Robles-Diaz G, et al. Association of genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B, ALDH2 and CYP2E1 with alcoholism in a group of mexican mestizos. Hepatology 2011; 54: 522A.

  26. Tian C, Stokowski RP, Kershenobich D, Ballinger DG, Hinds DA. Variant in PNPLA3 is associated with alcoholic liver disease. Nat Genet 2010; 42: 21-23.

  27. Stickel F, Buch S, Lau K, Meyer zu Schwabedissen H, Berg T, Ridinger M, et al. Genetic variation in the PNPLA3 gene is associated with alcoholic liver injury in caucasians. Hepatology 2011; 53: 86-95.

  28. Trepo E, Gustot T, Degre D, Lemmers A, Verset L, Demetter P, et al. Common polymorphism in the PNPLA3/adiponutrin gene confers higher risk of cirrhosis and liver damage in alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol 2011; 55: 906-912.

  29. NCBI Gene. PNPLA3 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ gene/80339.

  30. Singal AK, Kuo YF, Anand BS. Hepatitis C virus infection in alcoholic hepatitis: prevalence patterns and impact on in-hospital mortality. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24: 1178-1184.

  31. Singal AK, Sagi S, Kuo YF, Weinman S. Impact of hepatitis C virus infection on the course and outcome of patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23: 204-209.

  32. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). 1998. Alcohol alert No. 42.

  33. Zakhari S. Overview: How Is Alcohol Metabolized by the Body? Alcohol Research & Health 2006; 29 (4): 245-254.

  34. Lieber CS. Alcohol and the liver: 1994 update. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 1085-1105.

  35. Lieber CS, DeCarli LM. Hepatotoxicity of ethanol. J Hepatol 1991; 12: 394-401.

  36. Mufti SI, Eskelson CD, Odeleye OE, Nachiappan V. Alcohol-associated generation of oxygen free radicals and tumor promotion. Alcohol Alcohol 1993; 28: 621-628.

  37. Lieber CS. Biochemical and molecular basis of alcohol-induced injury to liver and other tissues. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1639-1650.

  38. Voican CS, Perlemuter G, Naveau S. Mechanisms of the inflammatory reaction implicated in alcoholic hepatitis: 2011 update. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35: 465-474.

  39. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Filadelfia, Estados Unidos: Elsevier/Saunders; 2012.

  40. Wang K. Molecular mechanisms of hepatic apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5: e996.

  41. Sohail U, Satapathy SK. Diagnosis and management of alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2012; 16: 717-736.

  42. Stickel F, Seitz HK. Alcoholic steatohepatitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24: 683-693.

  43. McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry’s clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods (ed 22a). Filadelfia, Estados Unidos: Elsevier/Saunders; 2011.

  44. Mayo Clinic Staff. Tests and Procedures: Liver function tests. http://www.mayoclinic. org/tests-procedures/liver-function-tests/ basics/results/prc-20012602.

  45. Shinton N. Desk reference for hematology (ed 2da). Boca Raton, Estados Unidos: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2008.

  46. Tannapfel A, Denk H, Dienes HP, Langner C, Schirmacher P, Trauner M, et al. Histopathological diagnosis of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Virchows Arch 2011; 458: 511-523.

  47. Hall PD. Pathological spectrum of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 1994; 2: 303-313.

  48. Jensen K, Gluud C. The Mallory body: morphological, clinical and experimental studies (Part 1 of a literature survey). Hepatology 1994; 20: 1061-1077.

  49. Uchida T, Kronborg I, Peters RL. Giant mitochondria in the alcoholic liver diseases--their identification, frequency and pathologic significance. Liver 1984; 4: 29-38.

  50. Mathurin P, O’Grady J, Carithers RL, Phillips M, Louvet A, Mendenhall CL, et al. Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: meta-analysis of individual patient data. Gut 2011; 60: 255-260.

  51. Dunn W, Jamil LH, Brown LS, Wiesner RH, Kim WR, Menon KV, et al. MELD accurately predicts mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 2005; 41: 353-358.

  52. Sheth M, Riggs M, Patel T. Utility of the Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in assessing prognosis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2002; 2: 2.

  53. Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, Harper A, Kim R, Kamath P, et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology 2003; 124: 91-96.

  54. Forrest EH, Evans CD, Stewart S, Phillips M, Oo YH, McAvoy NC, et al. Analysis of factors predictive of mortality in alcoholic hepatitis and derivation and validation of the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score. Gut 2005; 54: 1174-1179.

  55. Forrest EH, Morris AJ, Stewart S, Phillips M, Oo YH, Fisher NC, et al. The Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score identifies patients who may benefit from corticosteroids. Gut 2007; 56: 1743-1746.

  56. Dominguez M, Rincon D, Abraldes JG, Miquel R, Colmenero J, Bellot P, et al. A new scoring system for prognostic stratification of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 2747-2756.

  57. Carithers RL, Jr., Herlong HF, Diehl AM, Shaw EW, Combes B, Fallon HJ, et al. Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. A randomized multicenter trial. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 685-690.

  58. Louvet A, Naveau S, Abdelnour M, Ramond MJ, Diaz E, Fartoux L, et al. The Lille model: a new tool for therapeutic strategy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids. Hepatology 2007; 45: 1348-1354.

  59. Potts JR, Goubet S, Heneghan MA, Verma S. Determinants of long-term outcome in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 584-595.

  60. Pessione F, Ramond MJ, Peters L, Pham BN, Batel P, Rueff B, et al. Five-year survival predictive factors in patients with excessive alcohol intake and cirrhosis. Effect of alcoholic hepatitis, smoking and abstinence. Liver Int 2003; 23: 45-53.

  61. Rosner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, Lehert P, Vecchi S, Soyka M. Acamprosate for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD004332.

  62. Stickel F, Hoehn B, Schuppan D, Seitz HK. Review article: Nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 18: 357-373.

  63. Rambaldi A, Saconato HH, Christensen E, Thorlund K, Wetterslev J, Gluud C. Systematic review: glucocorticosteroids for alcoholic hepatitis--a Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomized clinical trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27: 1167-1178.

  64. Mathurin P, Mendenhall CL, Carithers RL, Jr., Ramond MJ, Maddrey WC, Garstide P, et al. Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH): individual data analysis of the last three randomized placebo controlled double blind trials of corticosteroids in severe AH. J Hepatol 2002; 36: 480-487.

  65. Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, Han S, Reynolds T, Shakil O. Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 1637-1648.

  66. Spahr L, Rubbia-Brandt L, Frossard JL, Giostra E, Rougemont AL, Pugin J, et al. Combination of steroids with infliximab or placebo in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Hepatol 2002; 37: 448-455.

  67. Boetticher NC, Peine CJ, Kwo P, Abrams GA, Patel T, Aqel B, et al. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of etanercept in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1953-1960.

  68. Nguyen-Khac E, Thevenot T, Piquet MA, Benferhat S, Goria O, Chatelain D, et al. Glucocorticoids plus N-acetylcysteine in severe alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1781-1789.

  69. Singal AK, Duchini A. Liver transplantation in acute alcoholic hepatitis: Current status and future development. World J Hepatol 2011; 3: 215-218.

  70. Anantharaju A, Van Thiel D. 2004. Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/ arh27-3/257-269.htm.

  71. Lucey MR, Brown KA, Everson GT, Fung JJ, Gish R, Keeffe EB, et al. Minimal criteria for placement of adults on the liver transplant waiting list: a report of a national conference organized by the American Society of Transplant Physicians and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Liver Transpl Surg 1997; 3: 628-637.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com