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Medicina & Laboratorio

2014, Número 03-04

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2014; 20 (03-04)


La anemia como manifestación de la infección por Helicobacter pylori

Campuzano-Maya G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 176
Paginas: 111-134
Archivo PDF: 608.25 Kb.


RESUMEN

Helicobacter pylori es el agente causal de infección más frecuente de la especie humana, con una marcada desventaja entre los países desarrollados y los países en vía de desarrollo, donde es mucho más frecuente. Si bien la infección por Helicobacter pylori cursa asintomática en la mayoría de los individuos infectados también es claro que está íntimamente relacionada con enfermedades malignas del estómago como el cáncer gástrico y el linfoma MALT; y enfermedades benignas como la gastritis crónica y la úlcera péptica duodenal y gástrica. A partir del momento en que se conoció que la mucosa gástrica podía ser colonizada por una bacteria, en la literatura médica mundial indexada (PubMed) se han informado alrededor de una centena de manifestaciones extragástricas que involucran a especialidades médicas tan disímiles como la cardiología, la dermatología, la endocrinología, la ginecoobstetricia, la hematología, la neumología, la neurología, la odontología, la oftalmología, la otorrinolaringología, la pediatría, la siquiatría y vascular periférico, algunas de ellas con mayor o menor acervo probatorio de la relación entre la infección por Helicobacter pylori y el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Esta revisión de la literatura médica mundial se centra en el análisis de la relación de la infección por Helicobacter pylori con las deficiencias de hierro y de vitamina B12, con o sin anemia. Se presentan para ambas formas de anemia, una visión general del problema, las evidencias de la asociación de cada una de ellas con la infección por Helicobacter pylori, la fisiopatología y el manejo en la era poshelicobacter.


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