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2020, Number 1

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Acta Pediatr Mex 2020; 41 (1)

Vascular anomalies in childhood. Part 1: Vascular tumors

Morán-Villaseñor E, Campos-Cabrera BL, García-Romero MT, Durán-McKinster C

Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 26-39
PDF size: 320.71 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect blood and lymphatic vessels. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA), classifies them in two groups: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. In this article (the first part of two), we will review the most common vascular tumors in childhood; their physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. We will focus on infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangiomas, pyogenic granuloma, tufted angioma and kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.
Infantile hemangioma is the most frequent vascular tumor, it appears within the first 4 weeks of life and grows rapidly, to involute after the first year. It is an erythematousviolaceous, vascular neoplasm, of variable size. Congenital hemangiomas are rare, and unlike infantile hemangioma, they are fully developed at birth since their growth is intrauterine. Pyogenic granuloma is the most frequent vascular tumor, after infantile hemangioma, it is a red-violaceous, exophytic neoplasm, with a variable size; it is fast growing and bleeds easily.
Finally, tufted angioma and kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, which some authors consider as spectra of the same disease, are rare vascular tumors that usually appear in the first months of life and are associated with hematological complications such as the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon, which may put the patient's life at risk.
Adequate classification is important for communication among the specialties involved in the care of patients in order to provide a correct diagnosis, as well as for planning treatment and understanding prognosis of the patient.


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